Parasitic Flux Analysis of Cooled Infrared Detectors for Space Applications

An infrared imager measures radiations emitted by an object in specified spectral bands to determine change in object’s characteristics over a period of time. A typical infrared imager consists of focusing optics and a cryogenically cooled two-dimensional infrared detector array mounted on the cold tip of an active micro-cooler vacuum sealed with an optical window, typically known as integrated detector cooler assembly (IDCA). Detection of feeble radiant flux from the intended target in a narrow spectral band requires a highly sensitive low noise sensor array with high well capacity. However, in practical applications the performance of an infrared imager is limited by the parasitic thermal emissions from optical elements and emissions from IDCA components like vacuum window, Dewar walls which are generally kept at ambient temperature. To optimise the performance of imager it becomes imperative to estimate these parasitic fluxes and take corrective actions to minimise their effects. This paper explains an analytical model developed to estimate parasitic fluxes generated from different components of a long wave infrared imager. Validation of the developed model was carried out by simulations in ZEMAX optical design software using ray trace method after analytical computations in MATLAB

Odd Entanglement Entropy in TTˉ\bar{\text{T}} deformed CFT2_2s and Holography

We construct a replica technique to perturbatively compute the odd entanglement entropy (OEE) for bipartite mixed states in T$\bar{\text{T}}$ deformed CFT$_2$s. This framework is then utilized to obtain the leading order correction to the OEE for two disjoint intervals, two adjacent intervals, and a single interval in T$\bar{\text{T}}$ deformed thermal CFT$_2$s in the large central charge limit. The field theory results are subsequently reproduced in the high temperature limit from holographic computations for the entanglement wedge cross sections in the dual bulk finite cut off BTZ geometries. We further show that for finite size T$\bar{\text{T}}$ deformed CFT$_2$s at zero temperature the corrections to the OEE are vanishing to the leading order from both the field theory and the bulk holographic computations.Comment: 30 pages, 3 figures, 2 appendice

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy for renal pelvis stone in a crossed fused ectopic kidney: a case report

Crossed renal ectopia is the second most common fusion anomaly of the kidney after horseshoe kidney. The incidence of both fused and unfused cases is 1 in 7000 in autopsies. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) is a well-established technique in the surgical management of nephrolithiasis. The conventional fluoroscopic guidance of PCNL will be of limited value in ectopic anomalous kidneys due to the abnormal anatomical landmarks with consequent compromise of the procedure’s safety.  A 30-year old male patient, previously healthy, presented to our urology outpatient clinic complaining of dull flank pain of six month duration with tenderness in the right renal area and an enlarged right kidney and 1 episode of gross haematuria. Radiological investigations showed left side crossed ectopia with nephrolithiasis. Patient was managed successfully by fluoroscopic guided percutaneous nephrolithotripsy. The position of the stone-containing ectopic kidney can make it easy to reach the pelvis of the target kidney without injuring any adjoining structure. The superimposition of the different soft tissue densities in the radiologic view may limit the ability of the operator to distinguish between different tissue identities. Laparoscopic guidance can represent as a practical solution to this technical problem

Anesthetic management in a challenging case of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma

Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma is a very rare tumor. This tumor accounts for less than 0.5% of all lung neoplasia. While synovial sarcomas are commonly reported from periarticular tissues, they are often found in lung or thorax as a metastasis from an extrapulmonary primary. However, rarely they arise primarily from lung tissue. We report a case of primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma which was indenting the right side of the heart. He was managed with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection. The anesthetic management was challenging. The focus was kept on stringent invasive as well as non-invasive monitoring of cardiac and respiratory parameters. The surgery was uneventful and the patient made a successful recovery.

Whether retrograde pyelography mandatory for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a randomized clinical trial

Background: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) technique was introduced a new era in the management of renal calculi, and day by day many changes occurred regarding the puncture points to an opaque stone as a guided landmark. We aim at comparing the outcome of many renal calculi with or without retrograde pyelography (RGP).Methods: In a randomized clinical trial 110 cases with opaque renal calculi for PCNL with stone in the calyces, in the pelvis, both in the calyx and pelvis, simultaneously, included in 2 year study. They were randomized in 2 groups, non RGP (56) and RGP (54), called interventional and control group respectively.Results: 2 groups are analyzed according to gender, age, duration of operation and hospital stay, past history of any surgical intervention on kidney and stone size. Outcome was evaluated with plain x-ray and USG abdomen. No differences in outcome were observed in between the two groups.Conclusions: Present findings conclude that there is no difference in major clinical outcome between the 2 groups. So we can say RGP is not mandatory for selected patients while doing PCN

Deciphering conversational complexity around a diabetic patient in a web based forum

Web based conversational forums have gained momentum as an aid to clinical decision making. This paper, written in an empirical explanatory manner, attempts to understand the flow of information and the process of sense-making in one such forum (Tabula-rasa) through considering a prototype discussion among participants

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Not AvailableThe calibration approach is a popular technique for incorporating auxiliary information for estimation of population parameters in survey sampling. In general, the Calibration Approach assumes the availability of population-level auxiliary information. On the contrary, in large scale surveys, it is often the case that population-level data on auxiliary variable is not available, but it is relatively inexpensive to collect. In the present article, in case of non-availability of population-level relatively inexpensive data on auxiliary variable under two stage sampling, we developed product type calibration estimator of the finite population total using double sampling approach along with the sampling variance and variance estimator. The study variable is assumed to be inversely related with the auxiliary variable. Proposed product type calibration estimator was evaluated through a simulation study which showed that the proposed product type calibration estimator was performing efficiently over traditional Narain-Horvitz-Thompson type expansion estimator as well as product estimator of the finite population total in case of two stage sampling involving two phases at both the stages.Not Availabl

Robotic intraoperative tracheal repair during retrosternal malignant goiter excision: an anesthetic challenge

Thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for large retrosternal goiters. These tumors often are large enough to require thoracotomy. Robotic surgery can help in avoiding thoracotomy and its associated post operative complications. Rarely, such tumors and their surgery can be complicated by tracheal tears. Such tears, especially those near the carina are difficult to repair and often require open thoracotomy. We described such a case where we avoided open thoracotomy and instead performed a minimally invasive robotic repair of tracheal tear. The maintenance of ventilation during this robotic repair was critical. A combination of several airway devices was used to allow the complex surgical repair to be executed without affecting ventilation

Ball valving laryngeal masses: a difficult “ball” in the anaesthetists’ court

Dynamic airway obstruction (also called ball-valve effect) is a serious condition often seen in glottic lesions. This is an anesthetic challenge as total airway obstruction can occur after the induction of general anesthesia. We present a case of a middle aged female who had a large laryngeal mass which was showing ball-valve effect. The patient had refused for tracheostomy despite it being the safest procedure in the circumstances. We then performed videolaryngoscopy and managed to intubate the patient with the help of some improvisation. The patient underwent a succesful and uneventful surgery