8 research outputs found
Нормативно-правові аспекти дослідження витрат торговельних підприємств
У статті досліджено міжнародні та національні нормативно-правові акти, що розкривають суть та методологічні аспекти формування витрат підприємств у бухгалтерському і податковому обліку.
(In the article are investigated standard-legal sources that open methodological aspects of formation of costs of the enterprises in the accounting and tax account.
Optimization of Aerosol Jet Printing for High-Resolution, High-Aspect Ratio Silver Lines
Aerosol jet printing requires control
of a number of process parameters,
including the flow rate of the carrier gas that transports the aerosol
mist to the substrate, the flow rate of the sheath gas that collimates
the aerosol into a narrow beam, and the speed of the stage that transports
the substrate beneath the beam. In this paper, the influence of process
parameters on the geometry of aerosol-jet-printed silver lines is
studied with the aim of creating high-resolution conductive lines
of high current carrying capacity. A systematic study of process conditions
revealed a key parameter: the ratio of the sheath gas flow rate to
the carrier gas flow rate, defined here as the focusing ratio. Line
width decreases with increasing the focusing ratio and stage speed.
Simultaneously, the thickness increases with increasing the focusing
ratio but decreases with increasing stage speed. Geometry control
also influences the resistance per unit length and single pass printing
of low-resistance silver lines is demonstrated. The results are used
to develop an operability window and locate the regime for printing
tall and narrow silver lines in a single pass. Under optimum conditions,
lines as narrow as 20 μm with aspect ratios (thickness/width)
greater than 0.1 are obtained
Facile Method for Fabricating Flexible Substrates with Embedded, Printed Silver Lines
Insertion,
curing and delamination is presented as a simple and scalable method
for creating flexible substrates with embedded, printed silver lines.
In a sequential process, aerosol-jet printed silver lines are transferred
from a donor substrate to a thin reactive polymer that is directly
adhered to a flexible substrate. Due to the unique ability of the
aerosol jet to print continuous lines on a low energy surface, a 100%
transfer of the printed electrodes is obtained, as confirmed by electrical
measurements. Moreover, the root-mean-square roughness of the embedded
electrodes is less than 10 nm, which is much lower than that for their
as-printed form. The embedded electrodes are robust and do not show
a significant degradation in electrical performance after thousands
of bending cycles
Aerosol Jet Printed p- and n‑type Electrolyte-Gated Transistors with a Variety of Electrode Materials: Exploring Practical Routes to Printed Electronics
Printing electrically functional
liquid inks is a promising approach
for achieving low-cost, large-area, additive manufacturing of flexible
electronic circuits. To print thin-film transistors, a basic building
block of thin-film electronics, it is important to have several options
for printable electrode materials that exhibit high conductivity,
high stability, and low-cost. Here we report completely aerosol jet
printed (AJP) p- and n-type electrolyte-gated transistors (EGTs) using
a variety of different electrode materials including highly conductive
metal nanoparticles (Ag), conducting polymers (polystyrenesulfonate
doped poly(3,4-ethylendedioxythiophene, PEDOT:PSS), transparent conducting
oxides (indium tin oxide), and carbon-based materials (reduced graphene
oxide). Using these source-drain electrode materials and a PEDOT:PSS/ion
gel gate stack, we demonstrated all-printed p- and n-type EGTs in
combination with poly(3-hexythiophene) and ZnO semiconductors. All
transistor components (including electrodes, semiconductors, and gate
insulators) were printed by AJP. Both kinds of devices showed typical
p- and n-type transistor characteristics, and exhibited both low-threshold
voltages (<2 V) and high hole and electron mobilities. Our assessment
suggests Ag electrodes may be the best option in terms of overall
performance for both types of EGTs
High-Resolution Transfer Printing of Graphene Lines for Fully Printed, Flexible Electronics
Pristine graphene
inks show great promise for flexible printed
electronics due to their high electrical conductivity and robust mechanical,
chemical, and environmental stability. While traditional liquid-phase
printing methods can produce graphene patterns with a resolution of
∼30 μm, more precise techniques are required for improved
device performance and integration density. A high-resolution transfer
printing method is developed here capable of printing conductive graphene
patterns on plastic with line width and spacing as small as 3.2 and
1 μm, respectively. The core of this method lies in the design
of a graphene ink and its integration with a thermally robust mold
that enables annealing at up to ∼250 °C for precise, high-performance
graphene patterns. These patterns exhibit excellent electrical and
mechanical properties, enabling favorable operation as electrodes
in fully printed electrolyte-gated transistors and inverters with
stable performance even following cyclic bending to a strain of 1%.
The high resolution coupled with excellent control over the line edge
roughness to below 25 nm enables aggressive scaling of transistor
dimensions, offering a compelling route for the scalable manufacturing
of flexible nanoelectronic devices
High-Resolution Transfer Printing of Graphene Lines for Fully Printed, Flexible Electronics
Pristine graphene
inks show great promise for flexible printed
electronics due to their high electrical conductivity and robust mechanical,
chemical, and environmental stability. While traditional liquid-phase
printing methods can produce graphene patterns with a resolution of
∼30 μm, more precise techniques are required for improved
device performance and integration density. A high-resolution transfer
printing method is developed here capable of printing conductive graphene
patterns on plastic with line width and spacing as small as 3.2 and
1 μm, respectively. The core of this method lies in the design
of a graphene ink and its integration with a thermally robust mold
that enables annealing at up to ∼250 °C for precise, high-performance
graphene patterns. These patterns exhibit excellent electrical and
mechanical properties, enabling favorable operation as electrodes
in fully printed electrolyte-gated transistors and inverters with
stable performance even following cyclic bending to a strain of 1%.
The high resolution coupled with excellent control over the line edge
roughness to below 25 nm enables aggressive scaling of transistor
dimensions, offering a compelling route for the scalable manufacturing
of flexible nanoelectronic devices
Formation of Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Thin Films from Colloidal Nanocrystal Dispersions via Aerosol-Jet Printing and Compaction
A three-step
method to create dense polycrystalline semiconductor thin films from
nanocrystal liquid dispersions is described. First, suitable substrates
are coated with nanocrystals using aerosol-jet printing. Second, the
porous nanocrystal coatings are compacted using a weighted roller
or a hydraulic press to increase the coating density. Finally, the
resulting coating is annealed for grain growth. The approach is demonstrated
for making polycrystalline films of copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS),
a new solar absorber composed of earth-abundant elements. The range
of coating morphologies accessible through aerosol-jet printing is
examined and their formation mechanisms are revealed. Crack-free albeit
porous films are obtained if most of the solvent in the aerosolized
dispersion droplets containing the nanocrystals evaporates before
they impinge on the substrate. In this case, nanocrystals agglomerate
in flight and arrive at the substrate as solid spherical agglomerates.
These porous coatings are mechanically compacted, and the density
of the coating increases with compaction pressure. Dense coatings
annealed in sulfur produce large-grain (>1 μm) polycrystalline
CZTS films with microstructure suitable for thin-film solar cells
Significant p value (Allelic), odds ratio and risk allele frequency of the SNPs that passed the threshold (combined p<5.0E−04) in three studied populations of India.
<p>Significant p value (Allelic), odds ratio and risk allele frequency of the SNPs that passed the threshold (combined p<5.0E−04) in three studied populations of India.</p