Line Following Robot without Using Microcontroller

Line following robot without using microcontroller is a robot which follow the white strip on a black surface or black stripon a black surface.This is an autonomous robot which drive itself and here it has used the LED-LDR sensor instead of microcontroller

Role of combination of mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone in the management of late intrauterine fetal death

Background: Intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) occurs in 1% of pregnancies and has devastating consequences. Previous methods for inducing labor in IUFD involved oxytocin and prostaglandins. The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol is commonly used for early first-trimester termination. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mifepristone and misoprostol combination versus misoprostol alone for labor induction in intrauterine fetal death. Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Sir Salimullah Medical College, Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, from January 2017 to June 2017. Sixty-four pregnant women with intrauterine fetal death after 28 weeks of gestation were included. Participants were randomly assigned to either group-I (mifepristone and misoprostol) or group-II (misoprostol alone). Statistical analyses were performed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for Windows. Results: The mean age was 27.7±5.6 years in group I and 27.5±4.3 years in group II. Majority of patients in group I were housewives (87.5%), while in group II, it was 78.1%. Most patients in group I (56.3%) came from lower-income families, compared to 65.6% in group II. The gestational age did not significantly differ between the groups. The induction to delivery interval was significantly shorter in group I (8.6±2.0 hours) compared to group II (15.1±3.5 hours). The dose administration pattern of misoprostol differed significantly between the groups. Conclusions: Both methods are equally safe and effective for managing intrauterine fetal death. However, the combination of mifepristone and misoprostol showed greater efficacy in terms of reducing the induction to delivery interval and requiring a lower dose of misoprostol

Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Levels in Healthy Children and Evaluation of Alkaline Phosphatasez-scores in Different Types of Rickets

Objective: Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels show great variation with age and sex in children and adolescents. Additionally, different buffers used even in the same method cause variable results. This detail is not usually taken into account in the evaluation. We aimed to study pediatric age- and sex-specific reference ranges for ALP by colorimetric assay using p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate and diethanolamine as buffer and also to compare the ALP levels in patients with different types of rickets

Risk factors of mortality in hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children around the world. It is critical to identify the factors that contribute to mortality to reduce SAM related mortality. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of mortality in hospitalized children with SAM. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the SAM unit, department of pediatrics, institute of child and mother health, Matuail-1362, Dhaka, from January 2021 to December 2021. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22. Univariate analysis was done to determine factors affecting mortality, and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine significant independent risk factors. Results: Mean age of the study subject was 6.38±3.45 months and 10.90±10.00 months in the case and control groups respectively. So, death was more common in younger children. The percentage of death was more (61.5% vs 54.6%) in males. Mortality was more common in family income <10,000 Tk/ month, 53.8% in the case group and 21.9% in the control group. The mean age of the mother was 19.23±0.60 years and 21.78±4.78 years in the death and survived group. Among risk factors of mortality, dermatosis (46.2% vs 4.9%), oral ulcer (46.2% vs 5.5%), hypoglycemia (46.2% vs 3.8%), severe anemia (38.5% vs 2.2%), septicemia (76.9% vs 29.5%) in case and control group respectively. These risk factors were significantly higher in the death group compared to the surviving group. After doing multivariate logistic regression analysis it was observed that hypoglycemia (OR=9.17 with 95% CI 1.44 to 58.29) and severe anemia (OR=13.42 with 95% CI 1.42 to 126.13) were the strongest predictors of mortality among the hospitalized children with SAM. Conclusions: Hypoglycemia and severe anemia were the main contributing factors of mortal among the children with SAM in the hospital

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, and cytotoxic activities of Gynura nepalensis DC. and isolation of its steroid constituents

The study was aimed at phytochemical profiling of Gynura nepalensis DC. as well as assessment of possible antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, thrombolytic, and cytotoxic activities of its fractions named hexane (HSF), dichloromethane (DCMSF), ethyl acetate (EASF) and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fractions through in vitro assays. Chromatographic fractionation and purification followed by 1H NMR spectral analysis afforded two sterols named β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, which appears to be a first-time reporting from the species. In the free radical scavenging assay, both DCMSF and EASF exhibited prominent antioxidant activities which was further reinforced by their comparatively greater phenolic content. In membrane stabilizing test, prominent inhibitions of hemolysis as exerted by EASF, AQSF, and DCMSF, were evident of their significant anti-inflammatory activities, compared to aspirin. With respect to streptokinase, HSF and DCMSF demonstrated moderate thrombolytic properties, whereas in the cytotoxicity study, only HSF illustrated prominent cytotoxic properties. In conclusion, the results are suggestive of the presence of bioactive molecules within the fractions capable of exerting potent pharmacological activities

The role of social media for Bangladeshi women entrepreneurs

Women in Bangladesh are using social media to start businesses more and more. A number of factors have contributed to this change. The greatest advantage is that it gives companies freedom by letting them run their businesses from anywhere, even from their own houses. Since women constitute nearly fifty percent of the country's inhabitants, this is without a doubt a big part of why the economy is growing in the country. The goal of this research is to show that social media helps women become entrepreneurs and gives them chances to start their own businesses in many ways. A survey questionnaire provided for a small group of respondents to finish the empirical phase of this research. Women often find it hard to balance their personal and professional lives. Online businesses could help them do this. Therefore, the goal of this study is to figure out what factors have led women to expand their businesses on social media and how those factors have opened doors for them to become business owners. Based on the data, it's clear that the benefits of running a business on social media have contributed to the rise of female entrepreneurship. This is advantageous because social media platforms like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook make it simpler to interact with prospective customers

Audit of Antibiotic Prescribing Practices for Neonatal Sepsis and Measurement of Outcome in New Born Unit at Kenyatta National Hospital

Background. Neonatal sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. A high index of suspicion is required since features of sepsis are nonspecific. Auditing of antibiotic use is necessary to reduce misuse and minimise development of antibiotic resistance. Objectives. To assess the antibiotic prescribing practices in NBU at KNH against recommended Kenyan guidelines for neonatal sepsis. In addition, outcome within 7 days was described. Methods. This was a prospective audit of 320 neonates over a 2-month period at NBU of KNH. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, stored in MS-EXCEL, and analysed using STATA. Results. Documentation of perinatal risk factors and clinical features at admission and at the time of change of antibiotics was very poor. The rate of investigations to confirm infection was very low. Blood cultures were done only in 13 (4%) neonates on admission, while complete blood count and C reactive protein were done in 224 (70%) and 198 (62%), respectively. Appropriate antibiotics as per the Kenyan guidelines were prescribed in 313 (97.8%) of neonates on admission. However, these were not stopped at 48-72 hours for the 148 (53.62%) who had improved. Overall mortality was high in neonates at 80 (25%). Majority (55%) died within 48 hours. Mortality was high among preterm neonates; 70 (43.8%) died out of 160. Conclusion. Overall documentation and investigations to confirm infection was poor. The continuation of antibiotics was inappropriate. Overall mortality was high especially in the first 48 hours of admission. To improve documentation, availability of a checklist on admission is recommended