Determination of minor and trace elements concentration in kidney stones using elemental analysis techniques

The determination of accurate material composition of a kidney stone is crucial for understanding the formation of the kidney stone as well as for preventive therapeutic strategies. Radiations probing instrumental activation analysis techniques are excellent tools for identification of involved materials present in the kidney stone. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and neutron activation analysis (NAA) experiments were performed and different kidney stones were analyzed. The interactions of X-ray photons and neutrons with matter are complementary in nature, resulting in distinctly different materials detection. This is the first approach to utilize combined X-ray fluorescence and neutron activation analysis for a comprehensive analysis of the kideny stones. Presently, experimental studies in conjunction with analytical techniques were used to determine the exact composition of the kidney stone. The use of open source program Python Multi-Channel Analyzer was utilized to unfold the XRF spectrum. A new type of experimental set-up was developed and utilized for XRF and NAA analysis of the kidney stone. To verify the experimental results with analytical calculation, several sets of kidney stones were analyzed using XRF and NAA technique. The elements which were identified from XRF technique are Br, Cu, Ga, Ge, Mo, Nb, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, Y, Zr. And, by using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) are Au, Br, Ca, Er, Hg, I, K, Na, Pm, Sb, Sc, Sm, Tb, Yb, Zn. This thesis presents a new approach for exact detection of accurate material composition of kidney stone materials using XRF and NAA instrumental activation analysis techniques. --Abstract, page iii

Perspective of buried oxide thickness variation on triple metal-gate (TMG) recessed-S/D FD-SOI MOSFET

Recently, Fully-Depleted Silicon on Insulator (FD-SOI) MOSFETs have been accepted as a favourable technology beyond nanometer nodes, and the technique of Recessed-Source/Drain (Re-S/D) has made it more immune in regards of various performance factors. However, the proper selection of Buried-Oxide (BOX) thickness is one of the major challenges in the design of FD-SOI based MOS devices in order to suppress the drain electric penetrations across the BOX interface efficiently. In this work, the effect of BOX thickness on the performance of TMG Re-S/D FD-SOI MOSFET has been presented at 60 nm gate length. The perspective of BOX thickness variation has been analysed on the basis of its surface potential profile and the extraction of the threshold voltage by performing two-dimensional numerical simulations. Moreover, to verify the short channel immunity, the impact of gate length scaling has also been discussed. It is found that the device attains two step-up potential profile with suppressed short channel effects. The outcomes reveal that the Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) values are lower among conventional SOI MOSFETs. The device has been designed and simulated by using 2D numerical ATLAS Silvaco TCAD simulator

Source and Control of Hydrocarbon Pollution

Hydrocarbon contamination is of great worry because of their widespread effect on all forms of life. Pollution caused by increasing the use of crude oil is ordinary because of its extensive application and its related transport and dumping problems. Crude oil contains a complex mixture of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds. Soil naturally consists of heavy metals, and due to human action like refining of oil and use of pesticides, their concentration in soil is rising. Several areas have such high heavy metal and metalloid concentration that surrounding natural ecosystem has been badly affected. The reason is that heavy metals and metalloids limit microbe’s activity rendering it unsuitable for hydrocarbon degradation, thus reducing its effectiveness. Environmental remediation is thus extremely necessary and involves with the elimination of pollutants from soil, air, and water. In the last several decades, different methods have been employed and applied for the cleanup of our environment which includes mechanical, chemical, and biochemical remediation methods. The hydrocarbon pollution consists of many aspects like oil spills, fossil fuels, organic pollutants like aromatics, etc. that are discussed below

An Innovative Approach for Online Food Order Management System

Restaurants are one of the favorite premises. An online food ordering is a integrated process in fast food Restaurants to offer choice of food from menu, cooked and served or packaged hot to satisfy customer to immediately make orders on their ownselves. Customers can also call the restaurant to pack in advance or to deliver the food item but sometimes restaurants run out of certain items. The existing system lacks the feature to use Remote GPS tracker such that restaurant managers are auto updated about the location of the customer before reaching the restaurant. We propose a complete system to easily manage online menu where items update as per the availability of food and prices. The Customer views the products, register and place the order. The system administrator adds and manages user accounts and the Manager manages product and orders. The Kitchen meal deliverable deals with pending deliveries .The proposed system is developed using Android platform which is open source software and built in data connection modules. It also decreases labour rates to replace mobile phones to book order and table unlike employees who come to take order and payments .In advent of food consumption problems like obesity, overeating etc. ,he proposed system will show food items with nutrition based searches showing ingredients of the food items

Information Security Behavioral Model: Towards Employees’ Knowledge and Attitude

Information Security has become a significant concern for today’s organizations. The internal security threats acts as the most curtail type of security threat within an organization. These internal security threats are a result of poor conduct of security behavior by the employees within an organization. If not deal properly, it may hamper the auditing of organization. Auditing plays an important role in the business environment. Before conducting auditing it is essential to examine the behavioral aspect of the employees. The objective of this paper is to take out this internal threat that acts as a security slack, out of an organization by using a well-structured approach to develop a security behavior model. To validate the proposed model a survey method is used. The survey method measures the knowledge and attitude of an individual employee towards information security to analyze the behavioral security aspect of the employee’s. Statistical Analysis of the result of survey indicates that the employees’ knowledge and his attitude towards information security derive his behavior towards achieving ultimate organizational goal and thus validates the proposed security model

Fuzzy Environmental Model for Evaluating Water Quality of Sangam Zone during Maha Kumbh 2013

It is a well-known fact that water is the basic need of human beings. The industrial wastes nearby rivers and several anthropogenic activities are responsible for deteriorating water quality of rivers in India. The present research paper deals with the design and development of soft computing system to assess the water quality of rivers Ganga and Yamuna during the Maha Kumbh 2013 in and around Sangam Zone, Allahabad, by making use of physicochemical parameters relationship