BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR – HYPOTHALAMUS AND LIMBIC SYSTEM: THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF EMOTIONS

It is intuitive to understand how sensory information gets to the brain and how motor information can travel to the muscles together where these twosystems allow us to detect and respond to the world around us but how do we engage with that world, how do we determine what is important, andhow do we fall in the analysis. These higher cortical functions involve the complex interplay between neurotransmitters and hormones throughout theentire nervous system. There are two major anatomical behaviors; the limbic system and hypothalamus. These structures that support much highercortical functions hypothalamus is a very small structure but it is absolutely critical for life and it allows us to respond to both the internal and externalenvironment and to maintain homeostasis. The limbic system is important for learning and memory, and all emotional aspects of behavior importantlylimbic and hypothalamic structures are interconnected with each other. Let's begin with an anatomical overview of the hypothalamus in the middlesection. You can delineate the hypothalamus from the thalamus through the hypothalamic sulcus anteriorly, the hypothalamus extends to the anteriorcommissure, and the optic chiasm inferiorly and it includes the mammillary bodies and extends to the infundibula stock where it communicateswith the pituitary glands. It is a coronal section through the brain. It is the third ventricle, you can identify the thalamus on either side of the thirdventricle and underneath; the thalamus is the hypothalamus and it extends laterally to these descending fiber bundles which are part of the internalcapsule. The hypothalamus is structurally part of the diencephalon but it functions as part of the limbic system through reciprocal connections. Ithelps to maintain homeostasis in the entire body through influences on the endocrine system and importantly through its primary influence onboth the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems; the limbic system is extremely old from an evolutionary perspective in its connections and it isinterposed between the hypothalamus and the neocortex and providing a bridge between endocrine visceral emotional and voluntary responses tothe environment

Shadow Administrative Constitutionalism and the Creation of Surveillance Culture

Article published in the Michigan State Law Review

Questionnaire designing and validation on Dadhi Sevana in Kaphaja Kasa

Consumption of Dadhi (curd) has a role in the formation of Kaphaja Kasa. It acts as a Viprakrista Nidana (distant cause) and as a Vyabhichari Nidana (weak cause) for the causation of disease.  Dadhi being Madhura, Amla Rasa, Guru, Snigdha, Abhishyandi Guna, Ushna Veerya and Amla Vipaka and having Kaphakara property. Samanya Nidana of Kaphaja Kasa is intake of Guru, Abhishyandi, Madura, Snigdha Guna Aharas. And also, Dadhi is one among the Kapha Prakopa Karana Ahara explained by Madhavakara. To make Ayurveda easily acceptable, as per the current trends in research, a review of previously proved fundamentals of Ayurveda in line with currently followed method of research is essential to achieve easy application in field of clinical research. Five step processes of designing and validation of questionnaire ensure a researc h tool for clinical research. Thus, validations of Questionnaire are based on Dadhi Sevana. Due to Samanya Vishesha Siddhanta, Samana Guna acts as a Vruddhi Karana, also one who doesn’t follow Dadhi Sevana Niyamas, hence it shows risk factor in the formation of Kaphaja Kasa

Supervariable approach to particle on a torus knot: A model for Hodge theory

We analyze a particle constrained to move on a $(p,q)$-torus knot within the framework of supervariable approach and deduce the BRST as well as anti-BRST symmetries. We also capture the nilpotency and absolute anti-commutativity of (anti-)BRST symmetries in this framework. Further, we show the existence of some novel symmetries in the system such as (anti-)co-BRST, bosonic, and ghost scale symmetries. We demonstrate that the conserved charges (corresponding to these symmetries) adhere to an algebra which is analogous to that of de Rham cohomological operators of differential geometry. As the charges (and the symmetries) find a physical realization with the differential geometrical operators, at the algebraic level, the present model presents a prototype for Hodge theory.Comment: 15 pages, no figure