Hormones and behavior

Hormoni su izvanstanični kemijski glasnici koje, kao odgovor na određeni signal, endokrine žlijezde ili difuzno razdijeljene specijalizirane stanice luče u krv kojom dolaze do drugih mjesta u tijelu gdje se nalaze ciljne stanice na koje djeluju. One imaju specifične receptore na koje se mogu vezati samo određeni hormoni. Postoje različiti tipovi hormona koji djeluju na različite aspekte tjelesnih funkcija i procesa: održavanje krvne osmolarnosti i krvnog šećera, regulacija metabolitičkih funkcija ( nadziranje brzine kemijskih reakcija, prijenosa tvari kroz membrane ili drugih značajki metabolizma poput rasta i izlučivanja), kontrola seksualne aktivnosti i reproduktivnog ciklusa i oblikovanje ponašanja. U ovom radu izložen je kratki pregled spolnih hormona i utjecaja koje oni imaju na oblikovanje ponašanja u sisavaca, s naglaskom na čovjeka. Spolni hormoni su bitni kako u razvoju i morfološkoj diferencijaciji spolnih organa i spolnoj diferencijaciji mozga, tako i u aktiviranju i regulaciji muškog i ženskog seksualnog ponašanja i ciklusa, kao i u odrednicama i izvedbi nekih čimbenika generalnog ponašanja.Hormones are extracellular chemical messengers that, in response to a particular signal, endocrine glands or diffusely distributed specialized cells, secrete into the blood which carries them to other places in the body where are target cells they operate. They have specific receptors that can bind only certain hormones. There are many different types of hormones that act on different aspects of body functions and processes: maintaining blood osmolarity and blood sugar, regulation of metabolic function (monitoring the speed of chemical reactions, mass transport through membranes and other metabolism features like excretion or growth), control of sexual activity and reproductive cycle and shaping behavior. This work provides a short overview of sex hormones and the impact they have on shaping behavior in mammals, with emphasis on humans. Sex hormones are essential to the development and morphological differentiation of the sexual organs and sexual differentiation of the brain, and for activation and regulation of male and female sexual behavior and cycles, as well as for determinants and implementation of some factors of general behavior

AML IN REMISSION, ORIGINATING FROM MDS-RARS-T, EXPANDS THE UNDERLYING JAK2 V617F MUTATED CLONE

A mutation in the JAK2 gene is commonly found in patients with MPN, which can sometimes lead to secondary AML. In this case study, we are reporting on an interesting case of secondary AML originating from MDS-RARS-T. The patient had no gross chromosomal changes, and we found that he was JAK2 V617F-mutated. His BM showed 53% of myeloid blasts. After the induction of combined therapy of Venetoclax and Azacytidine, a complete remission of the disease was achieved. However, instead of the expected decrease in the mutated JAK2 alleles, we documented a rise from the initial 55% to 79% of mutated alleles. This can be explained by the fact that treatment for AML targets only one subclone

Determination of antibacterial properties of textile materials

Procjena antimikrobne aktivnosti tekstilnih materijala se provodi standardiziranim metodama koje donose različite organizacije za standardizaciju jedna od kojih je i ISO – Internacionalna organizacija za standardizaciju. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su bili uvođenje i optimizacija ISO 20743:2013 i ISO 20645:2004 standarda za određivanje antibakterijske aktivnosti tekstilnih materijala u Laboratorij za bakteriologiju na Zavodu za mikrobiologiju Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta te određivanje antibakterijske aktivnosti materijala načinjenih na Tekstilno-tehnološkom fakultetu u sklopu projekta „Udobnost i antimikrobna svojstva tekstila i odjeće“ Hrvatske zaklade za znanost. Istraženi materijali su pamuk, sirova i obojena viskoza, tencel, mikromodal, modal, materijal X, materijal sa srebrom Aquacel Ag i antibakterijski uložak za cipele. Aquacel Ag, materijal X i uložak su pokazali antibakterijska svojstva na vrstama Staphylococcus aureus i Escherichia coli u sve tri korištene metode, a modal i mikromodal u dvije metode. Obojena i sirova viskoza su imale antibakterijska svojstva u jednoj od metoda za svaku bakteriju, a pamuk samo na vrsti E. coli u jednoj metodi. Tencel nije pokazao značajnija antibakterijska svojstva. Da bi se dobio točan rezultat, potrebno je paralelno koristiti nekoliko metoda i ispitati bar dvije vrste bakterija, jer se na temelju samo jedne vrste i jedne metode može pogrešno zaključiti o antibakterijskim svojstvima materijala.An assessment of the antimicrobial activity of textile materials is carried out by standardized methods that are provided by different organizations, such as ISO - International Organization for Standardization. The aim of this study was to introduce and optimize ISO 20743: 2013 and ISO 20645:2004 standards for the determination of antibacterial activity of textile materials in the Bacteriological Laboratory at the Department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Science and to determine the antibacterial activity of materials made at the Faculty of Textile Technology as part of the project "Textiles and footwear comfort and antimicrobial properties". The investigated materials were cotton, crude and dyed viscose, tencel, micromodal, modal, material X, silver-containing material Aquacel Ag and antibacterial insoles for shoes. Aquacel Ag, material X and antibacterial insoles showed antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in all three methods, and modal and micromodal in the two applied methods. Dyed and crude viscose had antibacterial properties in one of the methods for each bacterium, and cotton only against E. coli in one method. Tencel showed no significant antibacterial properties. In order to obtain precise and relevant result, it is necessary to use several methods and at least two bacteria species, because only one species and one method can misconstrue the antibacterial properties of a material

Determination of antibacterial properties of textile materials

Procjena antimikrobne aktivnosti tekstilnih materijala se provodi standardiziranim metodama koje donose različite organizacije za standardizaciju jedna od kojih je i ISO – Internacionalna organizacija za standardizaciju. Ciljevi ovog istraživanja su bili uvođenje i optimizacija ISO 20743:2013 i ISO 20645:2004 standarda za određivanje antibakterijske aktivnosti tekstilnih materijala u Laboratorij za bakteriologiju na Zavodu za mikrobiologiju Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta te određivanje antibakterijske aktivnosti materijala načinjenih na Tekstilno-tehnološkom fakultetu u sklopu projekta „Udobnost i antimikrobna svojstva tekstila i odjeće“ Hrvatske zaklade za znanost. Istraženi materijali su pamuk, sirova i obojena viskoza, tencel, mikromodal, modal, materijal X, materijal sa srebrom Aquacel Ag i antibakterijski uložak za cipele. Aquacel Ag, materijal X i uložak su pokazali antibakterijska svojstva na vrstama Staphylococcus aureus i Escherichia coli u sve tri korištene metode, a modal i mikromodal u dvije metode. Obojena i sirova viskoza su imale antibakterijska svojstva u jednoj od metoda za svaku bakteriju, a pamuk samo na vrsti E. coli u jednoj metodi. Tencel nije pokazao značajnija antibakterijska svojstva. Da bi se dobio točan rezultat, potrebno je paralelno koristiti nekoliko metoda i ispitati bar dvije vrste bakterija, jer se na temelju samo jedne vrste i jedne metode može pogrešno zaključiti o antibakterijskim svojstvima materijala.An assessment of the antimicrobial activity of textile materials is carried out by standardized methods that are provided by different organizations, such as ISO - International Organization for Standardization. The aim of this study was to introduce and optimize ISO 20743: 2013 and ISO 20645:2004 standards for the determination of antibacterial activity of textile materials in the Bacteriological Laboratory at the Department of Microbiology of the Faculty of Science and to determine the antibacterial activity of materials made at the Faculty of Textile Technology as part of the project "Textiles and footwear comfort and antimicrobial properties". The investigated materials were cotton, crude and dyed viscose, tencel, micromodal, modal, material X, silver-containing material Aquacel Ag and antibacterial insoles for shoes. Aquacel Ag, material X and antibacterial insoles showed antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in all three methods, and modal and micromodal in the two applied methods. Dyed and crude viscose had antibacterial properties in one of the methods for each bacterium, and cotton only against E. coli in one method. Tencel showed no significant antibacterial properties. In order to obtain precise and relevant result, it is necessary to use several methods and at least two bacteria species, because only one species and one method can misconstrue the antibacterial properties of a material