Role of transvaginal ultrasonographic cervical assessment in predicting the outcome of induction of labor

Background: Induction of labor is the most common intervention in modern obstetrics. The pre-induction ‘favourability’ of the cervix as assessed by the bishop score is very subjective. Transvaginal sonography appears to be a feasible alternative to the traditional bishop’s score. Aim of this study, was to compare cervical assessment by transvaginal sonography and digital examination in prediction of outcome of labor induction.Methods: Three hundred women at term with maternal and foetal indications for labor induction were included in the study. Modified Bishop score was assessed by digital examination and the cervical length was measured by Transvaginal sonography (TVS). Successful labor induction was taken as a vaginal delivery within 24 hours from the start of induction. Data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows 15.0.Results: Labour induction was successful in 81.33% of patients. Mean cervical length by digital examination was 2.6 cm, whereas the mean sonographic cervical length was 3.4cm. There was a significant difference of 0.8cm in mean cervical length measured by two methods (P=0.01). The best cut off point for predicting successful induction of labor was ≤3.4cm for sonographic cervical length (sensitivity 0.82, specificity 0.87, positive predictive value 0.77 and negative predictive value 0.25). The best cut off point for Modified Bishop score was 2 (sensitivity 0.95, specificity 0.93). The ROC curve showed that compared to TVS cervical length, Modified Bishop score was the best parameter for predicting successful induction of labor.Conclusions: Transvaginal sonographic cervical length measurement can be used as an adjunct tool to the traditional Bishop score for predicting successful labor induction in high risk pregnancies

Termodinamika ravninsko-simetričnog nehomogenog svemira u općoj teoriji relativnosti

Thermodynamics of plane-symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological models of perfect fluid distribution with electromagnetic field is studied. The source of magnetic field is due to an electric current produced along z-axis. F12 is the non-vanishing component of the electromagnetic field tensor. The free gravitational field is assumed to be Petrov type-II non-degenerate. We study the thermodynamical properties of plane-symmetric inhomogeneous universe. Some physical aspects of the models are discussed and the entropy distribution is given explicity.Proučavamo termodinamiku ravninsko-simetričnih kozmoloških modela s perfektnom raspodjelom tekućine i elektromagnetskim poljem. Izvor magnetskog polja je električna struja u smjeru z-osi. Jedina komponenta elektromagnetskog tenzora polja je F12. Pretpostavlja se nedegenerirano slobodno gravitacijsko polje Petrova tipa II. Proučavamo termodinamička svojstva ravninsko-simetričnog nehomogenog svemira. Raspravljaju se neke fizikalne osobine modela, a raspodjela entropije daje se eksplicitno

A New Exponential Approach for Reducing the Mean Squared Errors of the Estimators of Population Mean Using Conventional and Non-Conventional Location Parameters

Classes of ratio-type estimators t (say) and ratio-type exponential estimators te (say) of the population mean are proposed, and their biases and mean squared errors under large sample approximation are presented. It is the class of ratio-type exponential estimators te provides estimators more efficient than the ratio-type estimators

Termodinamika ravninsko-simetričnog nehomogenog svemira u općoj teoriji relativnosti

Thermodynamics of plane-symmetric inhomogeneous cosmological models of perfect fluid distribution with electromagnetic field is studied. The source of magnetic field is due to an electric current produced along z-axis. F12 is the non-vanishing component of the electromagnetic field tensor. The free gravitational field is assumed to be Petrov type-II non-degenerate. We study the thermodynamical properties of plane-symmetric inhomogeneous universe. Some physical aspects of the models are discussed and the entropy distribution is given explicity.Proučavamo termodinamiku ravninsko-simetričnih kozmoloških modela s perfektnom raspodjelom tekućine i elektromagnetskim poljem. Izvor magnetskog polja je električna struja u smjeru z-osi. Jedina komponenta elektromagnetskog tenzora polja je F12. Pretpostavlja se nedegenerirano slobodno gravitacijsko polje Petrova tipa II. Proučavamo termodinamička svojstva ravninsko-simetričnog nehomogenog svemira. Raspravljaju se neke fizikalne osobine modela, a raspodjela entropije daje se eksplicitno

Estimation of Finite Population Mean Through a Two- Parameter Ratio- Product-Ratio-Type Exponential Estimator in Systematic Sampling

In this Paper, we suggest a two parameter ratio-product-ratio-type exponential estimator for estimating the finite population mean in systematic sampling. The bias and mean squared error of the suggested estimator are obtained to the first degree of approximation. It has been shown that the proposed estimator is better than the usual unbiased estimator, Swain’s (1964) ratio estimator, Shukla’s (1971) product estimator and Singh et al’s (2011) estimators under some realistic conditions. An empirical study has been under taken to evaluate the performance of the suggested estimator over other existing estimators

A toxicological review of Dhatura

Dhatura is mentioned under the group of Sthavara Vanaspatic Visha, in different Ayurvedic text books it is also referred as deliriant poison. Dhatura is a genus of nine species of flowering plants which are poisonous in nature. On scrutinizing, the seeds and flowers of Dhatura plant contain alkaloids such as Scopolamine, Hyoscyamine and atropine which are highly toxic but found therapeutically essential as well. The poisonous substance (alkaloids) possess anticholinergic effects such as tachycardia, hyperthermia, mydriases etc., which can be resolve by administration of physostigmine as an antidote. Medico legally it has been found that the drug is being used as stupefying agent mixed in Prasad by the robbers for robbery, kidnapping, and also as homicidal as well as suicidal

A study of constitutive heterochromatin and NOR banding in three species of Indian major carps from the State of Haryana, India

Cytogenetic survey of fishes becomes increasingly important to establish chromosomal relation between the teleosts, to have a glimpse of the relation between chromosomal evolution and differentiation of vertebrate species. In the present study, Chromosome banding studies was done in three species of carps i.e. Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822), Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822). Diploid chromosome number 50 was observed in all 3 species of carps. The chromosomes of C. catla, L. rohita and C. mrigala showed constitutive heterochromatin at telomeric and centromeric regions of chromosomes. The Ag-NOR (Argyrophilic-Nucleolus Organizer Region) bands were observed on homologous chromosome pair number 11 in C. catla, 15th chromosome pair in L. rohita. In C. mrigala, the Ag- NOR staining elucidated the presence of darkly stained NORs on the terminal region of the long arms of one of the chromosome. Another homologue of this chromosome pair could not be localized due to scattering of chromosomes. The results depict that variation in ecological conditions with time due to human activities can not only affect the chromosomal number but also chromosomal morphology. &nbsp

Fish diversity of Haryana and its conservation status

The present study on fish biodiversity of Haryana state was carried out during 2011 to 2014. A total number of 59 fish species inhabits the freshwaters of this state. Maximum number of fish species belonged to the order Cypriniformes (35) followed by the order Siluriformes (12) and Perciformes (8). The orders Beloniformes,Clupeiformes, Osteoglossiformes and Synbranchiformes were represented by only one species each. Out of 59 fish species, 2 are endangered, 11 vulnerable, 28 have lower risk of threat, 8 exotic and 4 fish species have lower risk least concern. The conservation status of six fish species has not been evaluated so far, hence they cannot be included in any of the IUCN categories at this moment. Family Cyprinidae alone contributed 32 fish species followed by Bagridae family. Fish species Parapsilorhynchus discophorus was observed for the first time in Haryana waters. This species is the native of Kaveri river basin, the occurrence of this species in river Yamuna may be attributed to some religious activity of people. A decline in fish diversity has been recorded from 82 species in 2004 to 59 species in the present study in the year 2014. The main causes for decrease in fish biodiversity are habitat destruction and fragmentation, changing practices of land use, exotic species introduction, fishing, irrigation needs, pollution and global climate change impacts. It is essential to prevent further decline of fish resources by devising all possible measures of conservation and rehabilitation

Changes in behavioural and locomotory activities of freshwater fish, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) in response to sublethal exposure of Chlorpyrifos

The aim of the present study was to analyze the impact of sub-lethal toxicity of chlorpyrifos, one of the largest market selling agrochemical on physiological parameters of teleost fish, Cirrhinus mrigala addressing the possible causative involvement in behavioural and locomotion responses. Primarily, the acute toxicity (96h LC50) test was carried out and the value calculated by probit analysis was found to be 0.44 mg L-1. Further, one-fifth, one-tenth and one-twentieth of 96 h LC50 were selected as sublethal concentrations for sub acute studies. The experiment was carried out for 21 days and the alternative behaviour was recorded in terms of Air Ingulping (AI), Operculum Beat Frequency (OBF), Surfacing Movement (SM), Vertical Hanging (VH) and Tail Beat Frequency (TBF) on duration day 2, 4, 7, 14 and 21. Significant effect of both the concentrations and duration was observed in fishes treated with selected doses of chlorpyrifos. It was found that AI, OBF, SM, VH, TBF was highest on day 7 at 0.08 mg L-1 concentration of Chlorpyrifos. The findings revealed that there is a need to control the use of chlorpyrifos because of its toxicity. All the fish avoidance tests proved to be an important predictive and sensitive biomarker in aquatic monitoring and pollution management