A Chromo-Fluorogenic Synthetic Canary for CO Detection Based on a Pyrenylvinyl Ruthenium(II) Complex

The chromo-fluorogenic detection of carbon monoxide in air has been achieved using a simple, inexpensive system based on ruthenium(II). This probe shows exceptional sensitivity and selectivity in its sensing behavior in the solid state. A color response visible to the naked eye is observed at 5 ppb of CO, and a remarkably clear color change occurs from orange to yellow at the onset of toxic CO concentrations (100 ppm) in air. Even greater sensitivity (1 ppb) can be achieved through a substantial increase in turn-on emission fluorescence in the presence of carbon monoxide, both in air and in solution. No response is observed with other gases including water vapor. Immobilization of the probe on a cellulose strip allows the system to be applied in its current form in a simple optoelectronic device to give a numerical reading and/or alarm.Financial support from the Spanish Government (project MAT2012-38429-C04) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2009/016) is gratefully acknowledged. M.E.M. is grateful to the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion for an FPU grant. J.D.E.T.W.-E. and A.T. acknowledge the Leverhulme Trust for a grant (RPG-2012-634).Moragues Pons, ME.; Toscani, A.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Martínez-Máñez, R.; White, A.; Wilton-Ely, JDET. (2014). A Chromo-Fluorogenic Synthetic Canary for CO Detection Based on a Pyrenylvinyl Ruthenium(II) Complex. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 136(34):11930-11933. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja507014aS11930119331363

Chromo-fluorogenic probes for carbon monoxide detection

[EN] The sensing of carbon monoxide (CO) using electrochemical cells or semiconducting metal oxides has led to inexpensive alarms for the home and workplace. It is now recognised that chronic exposure to low levels of CO also poses a significant health risk. It is perhaps surprising therefore that the CO is used in cell-signalling pathways and plays a growing role in therapy. However, the selective monitoring of low levels of CO remains challenging, and it is this area that has benefited from the development of probes which give a colour or fluorescence response. This feature article covers the design of chromofluorogenic probes and their application to CO sensing in air, solution and in cells.The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Spanish Government (project MAT2012-38429-CO4 and MAT2015-64139-C4-1) and Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEOII/2014/047) for their support. C. M.-H. thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness for her grant. The Leverhulme Trust is gratefully acknowledged for a studentship to A. T. (RPG-2012-634). The Imperial College Global Engagements fund is thanked by J. D. E. T. W.-E. for provision of a travel grant.Marín-Hernández, C.; Toscani, A.; Sancenón Galarza, F.; Wilton-Ely, JDET.; Martínez-Máñez, R. (2016). Chromo-fluorogenic probes for carbon monoxide detection. Chemical Communications. 52(35):5902-5911. https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cc01335jS59025911523

Ex Vivo Tracking of Endogenous CO with a Ruthenium(II) Complex

[EN] A two-photon fluorescent probe based on a ruthenium(II) vinyl complex is capable of selectively detecting carbon monoxide in cells and ex vivo using mice with a subcutaneous air pouch as a model for inflammation. This probe combines highly selective and sensitive ex vivo detection of endogenous CO in a realistic model with facile, inexpensive synthesis, and displays many advantages over the widely used palladium-based systems.The authors thank the Spanish government (Project MAT2015-64139-C4-1), the Generalitat Valencia (Project PROME-TEOII/2014/047), CIBER-BBN, IC Global Engagements fund, Santander Mobility Award. C.T. is grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, A.T. thanks the Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2012-634) and J.A.R. thanks the EPSRC, for PhD studentships.De La Torre-Paredes, C.; Toscani, A.; Marín-Hernández, C.; Robson, JA.; Terencio, MC.; White, AJ.; Alcaraz, MJ.... (2017). Ex Vivo Tracking of Endogenous CO with a Ruthenium(II) Complex. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 139(51):18484-18487. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.7b11158S18484184871395

The Dynamics of Health and Return Migration

In the final article in a six-part PLoS Medicine; series on Migration & Health, Anita Davies and colleagues from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) discuss the specific health risks and policy needs associated with return migratio

Molecular and nanoparticle-based multimetallic assemblies for sensing applications

Chapter 1 introduces the concept of optical sensing and describes the operation of a molecular-base optical sensor along with its characterising parameters. The photophysical properties and the principal sensing mechanisms of transition metal-based optical sensors are herein explained with detailed examples. Chapter 2 describes the past developments in the field of optical detection of sulfur dioxide. Successively, the synthesis and characterisation of a series of 5-coordinate ruthenium complexes and the preliminary studies on their use for the optical detection of sulfur dioxide are described. The reactivity of the complexes towards sulfur dioxide is also investigated. Chapter 3 provides an overview on the chromo-fluorogenic detection of carbon monoxide in air. The synthesis and characterisation of two series of ruthenium and osmium complexes are reported, together with the results of their use as chromo-fluorogenic sensors for carbon monoxide. The mechanism of sensing, as well as the investigation on the sensitivity and selectivity of these sensors, are discussed and compared. In Chapter 4, the new developments on the detection of carbon monoxide in biological systems are described. The optical sensors described in Chapter 3 are herein adapted in order to be employed in aqueous systems. The synthesis, characterisation and the sensing properties of the resulting metal complexes are reported. The cellular viability and preliminary results on the sensing response of two ruthenium complexes internalised in HeLa cells are also reported. Alternatively to the molecular-based systems previously discussed, a sensing system based on the functionalisation of a novel ruthenium probe on the surface of gold nanoparticles is also investigated. Experimental details related to the synthesis, characterisation and photophysical studies of the compounds in Chapters 2 to 4 are detailed in Chapter 5.Open Acces