Assessment of Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals in Sagamu Abattoir Waste Water Ogun State, Nigeria

Abattoir wastewater is a great threat to environmental safety. This study was aimed at assessing the physiochemical constituents using standard methods and some heavy metals using Agilent Microwave Atomic Emission Spectrometer (MP-AES) 4200 model after sample digestion of wastewater from three (3) major abattoirs in Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. The sample was digested using a mixture of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The digested samples were then analyzed for heavy metals. Data from the physicochemical characterization show that pH, TS, TDS, TSS and COD ranged from; (5.8 – 6.2), (11500 – 27733.33), (5500 – 9066.67), (6000 – 18666.67), and (1507.67 – 3671) respectively. The assessed heavy metals are in the range (mg/L): Zn (0.132-0.337), Cu (0.091 – 0.516), Mn (0.410 – 0.994), Fe (5.294 – 15.44), V (0.132 – 0.32), Cd (0.036 – 0.119), Ni (0.029 – 0.17), Pb (0.136 – 0.234), Cr (0.299 – 1.277), and Co (0.015 – 0.079). Zn, Cu and Fe are essential metals within tolerable limits except Mn that exceeded the limits of World Health Organization (0.04 mg/L) but below Federal Ministry of Environment (5 mg/L) while Ni, Pb and Chromium are above permissible limits in all samples.  The pretreatment of the wastewater before discharging into environment is highly recommended and more research should be done on remediation to reduce the abattoir wastewater heavy metals concentration and the effect it is having on the ecosystem and the environment at large

Formulating Poultry Feeds from Food Processing By-Products

This study was undertaken to formulate poultry feeds (chick mash, growers mash and layers mash) from food processing by-products using mixture design experimental methodology. The proximate composition of the formulated feeds were also determined and compared with the recommended nutrient level of layers feed. Models for the proximate composition of the formulated feeds were also developed. The results of analyses for the formulated samples of chicks, growers and layers mashes showed that the crude protein, the crude fibre, the moisture, the fat, the ash, and the carbohydrate contents, ranged respectively from 16.1% to 17.89%, 4% to 6.25%, 9.34% to 11.9%, 2.9% to 6.1%, 3.54% to 6.23%, and 55.3% to 60.98%. The respectively recommended values for chick mash, growers mash and layers mash are: 18%, 16%, 15% (crude protein); 6.25%, 4.56%, 5.94% (crude fibre); 9.45%, 9.65%, 7.98% (moisture content); 3.25%, 3.84%, 4.1% (fat); 4.29%, 6.02%, 5.39% (ash); and 57.98%, 59.48%, 61.28% (carbohydrate). The study showed that the proximate compositions of the formulated feeds are in close agreement with recommendations on nutrient levels for poultry feeds