Upotreba bezstanične matrice iz ošita bivola pri pupčanoj hernioplastici svinja.

Acellularization of xenogenic biomaterials has been highly desired for implantation without considerable adverse inflammatory and immune responses. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to acellularize the diaphragm of buffalo origin and to evaluate the effi cacy of this prepared acellular diaphragm matrix (ADM) scaffolds for the repair of umbilical hernia in pigs. Buffalo diaphragms were acellularized with different concentrations of sodium deoxycholate over a range of periods. Produced ADM scaffolds were used during umbilical hernioplasty in 12 crossbred Landrace pigs. Harvested serum samples on post-implantation days (0, 15 and 30) were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to observe serum protein distribution pattern. Treatment with 2 % sodium deoxycholate lead to complete acellularization of the bubaline diaphragm at 48 h. Microscopic examination of the detergent treated matrix confirmed complete extraction of stromal cells and orderly arranged collagen fibres. All the hernias repaired with ADM remained sound over a period of 3 months. The serum protein distribution on post-implantation day 15 was found different from day zero and becomes normal on day 30. All the hernias implanted with ADM healed completely without graft rejections. The present study suggested that 2 % sodium deoxycholate can be used for complete acellularization of bubaline diaphragm, and produced ADM may be used safely for umbilical hernioplasty in pigs.Bezstanična struktura ksenogenih biomaterijala smatra se povoljnom jer pri implantaciji ne uzrokuje upalne i imunološke reakcije. U ovom je istraživanju proveden postupak dobivanja bezstanične matrice iz ošita (BMO) bivola koji je zatim bio rabljen kao podloga za obnavljanje tkiva pri operaciji pupčane hernije svinja. Gubitak stanične strukture bivoljih ošita proveden je uz pomoć različitih koncentracija natrijeva deoksikolata, primijenjenih u određenim vremenskim razmacima. Proizvedene bezstanične matrice ošita upotrijebljene su pri pupčanoj hernioplastici kod 12 svinja križanaca landras pasmine. Uzorci seruma, prikupljeni 0., 15. i 30. dana nakon implantacije, bili su podvrgnuti natrijev dodecil sulfat-poliakrilamid gel elektroforezi (SDS-PAGE) s ciljem promatranja razdiobe serumskih proteina. Obrada 2 %-tnim natrijevim deoksikolatom dovela je do potpunog gubitka stanične strukture bivoljeg ošita za 48 sati. Mikroskopskim pregledom matrice obrađene detergentom potvrđeno je potpuno uklanjanje stanica strome te uredno raspoređena kolagena vlakna. Mjesta operacije svih hernija kod kojih je upotrijebljena bezstanična matrica ošita ostala su zdrava tijekom 3 mjeseca. Razdioba serumskih proteina 15 dana nakon implantacije bila je različita u odnosu na početni (0.) dan, a 30. dan nakon implantacije vratila se na normalu. Sve hernije operirane uz upotrebu BMO u potpunosti su zacijelile bez odbacivanja presatka. Pomoću 2 % natrijeva deoksikolata postiže se potpuni gubitak stanične strukture bivoljeg ošita koji se može sigurno primijeniti pri pupčanoj hernioplastici svinja

EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF STEM EXTRACTS OF CUSCUTA REFLEXA (ROXB) IN RATS

Objective: Cuscuta Reflexa (Convolvulaceae) is a plant with a variety of ethnic medicinal uses along with antioxidant activity. Hence it was planned to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity with alcoholic extracts of stem of Cuscuta reflexa (AESCR) and aqueous extracts of stem of Cuscuta reflexa (AQESCR).Methods: Hepatoprotective activity of both the extracts was studied against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Functional (thiopentone induced sleeping time), physical (wet liver weight and volume), biochemical parameters Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Serum direct bilirubin (BILD), Serum total bilirubin (BILT), Serum albumin (ALB), Serum total proteins (PRO), Serum cholesterol (CHO), and histopathological changes of livers were assessed in control/toxicant/standard/and extract treated animals with paracetamol induced hepatotoxic models in rats.Results: In LD50 studies for AESCR and AQESCR up to the maximum dose level of 2000 mg/kg dose no mortality was observed in any of the animals, indicating the practically nontoxic. When compared to toxicant control groups both the extracts have significantly reduced the paracetamol induced elevated levels of serum ALT, AST, ALP, BILT, BILD, CHO, and elevated the levels of ALB and PRO. The histopathological changes (steatosis), necrosis etc. Were partly or fully prevented in animals treated with the two extracts.Conclusion: AESCR and AQESCR showed a significant hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol induced hepatic damage. The medium and high doses of AESCR and AQESCR (200 and 400 mg/kg) treated groups showd better hepatoprotective activity when compared to standard drug silymarin (25 mg/kg).Â

Rekonstrukcija velike ventrolateralne kile u bivola s acelularnim dermalnim matriksom: metoda liječenja velike kile u životinja - prikaz slučaja.

A buffalo, 4 years of age presented with a history of a large swelling in the ventral abdominal region. The case was diagnosed as ventro-lateral hernia. Since the size of the hernial ring was about 15 cm in diameter, hernioplasty was performed using an acellular rabbit dermal matrix. The animal made an uneventful recovery.Bivol u dobi od četiri godine bio je primljen sa znakovima velike otekline u ventralnom abdominalnom području. Postavljena je dijagnoza ventrolateralne kile. Budući da je veličina hernijalnog prstena bila promjera oko 15 cm, provedena je hernioplastika primjenom kunićjeg acelularnog dermalnog matriksa. Životinja se oporavila bez komplikacija

Rekonstrukcija velike ventrolateralne kile u bivola s acelularnim dermalnim matriksom: metoda liječenja velike kile u životinja - prikaz slučaja.

A buffalo, 4 years of age presented with a history of a large swelling in the ventral abdominal region. The case was diagnosed as ventro-lateral hernia. Since the size of the hernial ring was about 15 cm in diameter, hernioplasty was performed using an acellular rabbit dermal matrix. The animal made an uneventful recovery.Bivol u dobi od četiri godine bio je primljen sa znakovima velike otekline u ventralnom abdominalnom području. Postavljena je dijagnoza ventrolateralne kile. Budući da je veličina hernijalnog prstena bila promjera oko 15 cm, provedena je hernioplastika primjenom kunićjeg acelularnog dermalnog matriksa. Životinja se oporavila bez komplikacija

Molekularni dokaz toksinskih tipova bakterije Clostridium perfringens, enteropatogenih sojeva Escherichia coli te rotavirusa i koronavirusa u uzorcima proljeva kod neonatalne jaradi

In the present study, out of 1156 neonatal goat kids, 238 showing clinical diarrhea were used for detection of toxinotypes of Clostridium perfringens, Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Group A rotavirus (GARV) and Bovine coronavirus (BCV). Isolation and toxinotyping of isolates were done by multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers for cpa, cpb, cpb2, etx and iap genes. For EPEC, isolation and identification were done using bfpA gene and SYBR green based real time PCR (qPCR). GARV and BCV were detected, by one-step RT-PCR (osRT-PCR). The incidence of C. perfringens was 15.13% with 75% isolates toxinotype A, 25% type D and 61.11% of isolates carrying the β2-toxin gene. The incidence of EPEC was 68.07% based on qPCR, whereas 21.85% were positive for GARV and 15.97% for BCV by osRT-PCR. There was mixed infection of C. perfringens and EPEC in 11.76% and 3.78% for C. perfringens and GARV and 2.1% of C. perfringens and BCV. EPEC and GARV was 19.74% and EPEC plus BCV positivity was 11.34%. GARV and BCV was 5.88%, and 4.20% had mixed infection of EPEC, GARV and BCV. Of the total diarrheic kids sampled, 0.84% had mixed infection of C. perfringens, GARV, BCV and EPEC. On the basis of the above findings, it may be concluded that isolation, multiplex PCR and real time PCR facilitated the characterization of circulating C. perfringens toxinotypes and EPEC in goats reared under semi-arid conditions. The importance of enteritis caused by GARV and BCV and their role in mixed infection in goats requires extensive screening and pathogenicity studies to associate the symptoms with disease.U populaciji od 1156 neonatalnih jarića 238 je pokazivalo kliničke znakove proljeva. Od njih su uzeti uzorci izmeta za dokazivanje toksinskih tipova bakterije Clostridium perfringens, enteropatogenih sojeva bakterije E. coli (engl. enteropathogenic E. coli, EPEC), rotavirusa skupine A (engl. group A rotavirus, GARV) i goveđeg koronavirusa (engl. bovine coronavirus, BCV). Izdvajanje i toksinska tipizacija izolata provedeni su višestrukom lančanom reakcijom polimerazom (PCR) upotrebom početnica za gene cpa, cpb, cpb2, etx i iap. Izdvajanje i identifikacija EPEC-a provedeni su pretragom na gen bfpA i PCR-om u stvarnom vremenu, uz upotrebu SYBR zelenila (qPCR). Za dokaz rotavirusa skupine A i goveđeg koronavirusa upotrijebljena je RT-PCR (osRT-PCR). Incidencija bakterije C. perfringens iznosila je 15,13 %. Od toga je 75 % izolata pripadalo toksinskom tipu A, 25 % tipu D, dok je 61,11 % izolata imalo gen za toksin β2. Incidencija EPEC-a iznosila je 68,07 %, a 21,85 % pretraženih uzoraka bilo je pozitivno na GARV te 15,97 % na BCV. Mješovita infekcija bakterijom C. perfringens i EPEC-om utvrđena je u 11,76 % uzoraka, C. perfringens i GARV u 3,78 % te C. perfringens i BCV u 2,1 % pretraženih uzoraka. Mješovita infekcija EPEC-om i GARV-om utvrđena je u 19,74 %, a EPEC-om i BCV-om u 11,34 %. Mješovita infekcija rotavirusom i koronavirusom bila je ustanovljena u 5,88 %, a mješovita infekcija EPEC-om, GARV-om i BCV-om u 4,20 % uzoraka. Od ukupnog broja pretražene jaradi s proljevom u njih 0,84 % dokazana je mješovita infekcija bakterijom C. perfringens, rotavirusom skupine A, goveđim koronavirusom i EPEC-om. Na osnovi prikazanih rezultata može se zaključiti da izdvajanje, višestruki PCR te PCR u stvarnom vremenu omogućuju karakterizaciju i praćenje kolanja toksinskih tipova bakterija C. perfringens i EPEC-a u koza uzgajanih u sušnim uvjetima. Važnost enteritisa uzrokovanog rotavirusom skupine A i goveđim koronavirusom te njihova uloga kod mješovitih infekcija u koza zahtijevaju pojačan nadzor i istraživanje patogenosti radi povezivanja kliničkih znakova s ustanovljenom bolešću

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of the Animal Tissues

Animal tissues are extensively used as scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative therapies. They are typically subjected to decellularization process to obtain a cell-free extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds. It is important to identify chemical structure of the ECM scaffolds and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) appears to be a technique of choice. In this chapter, FTIR spectra of native and decellularized buffalo aortae, buffalo diaphragms, goat skin, and native bovine cortical bone are presented. The transmittance peaks are that of organic collagen amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II and amide III chemical functional groups in both native and decellularized aortae, diaphragms and skin. In bone, the transmittance peaks are that of inorganic ν1, ν3 PO43−, OH− in addition to organic collagen amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II and amide III chemical functional groups. These important transmittance peaks of the tissue samples will help researchers in defining the chemical structure of these animal tissues

Development and characterization of polyvinyl chloride-graphite membrane

196-200Graphite dispersed polyvinyl chloride membrane has been prepared by scalable solution blending technique in different compositions. The obtained composite has been characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and microscopic techniques. Results reveal the formation of intercalated composite with improved properties like solvent retaining capacity, porosity, swelling capacity, hardness, and tensile strength. Further, ion exchange ability has been determined by ASTM method and observed values are in range 10-1 (meq/g), which is comparable to industrial membrane and indicate its suitability for commercial application. Further, durability and mechanical strength is studied and compared with standard membrane, which reveals compatible to the commercially available membrane and confirms suitability for technical applications

Isolation and therapeutic efficacy of enteropathogenic E. coli phage cocktail against colibacillosis in neonatal goats

832-841Phage based therapeutics have shown promising results against the infections caused by the drug resistant bacteria. To combat the problem of antibiotic resistance posed by diarrhoeagenic E. coli, here, we identified and characterized 38 E. coli phages which were isolated from 70 solid sources (goat-faeces and soil). The in vitro lytic range of phage isolates (n=38) against 439 isolates of E. coli was found between 16 and 53%. Three phage isolates with highest host range showed lytic efficacy against 53, 48 and 46% of E. coli isolates, respectively. A preparation with above three phages was developed, and the phages of the preparation were found stable at wide range of temperature, pH and chloroform treatment. Endotoxin content of the preparation was found below the threshold level and it also passed safety and sterility tests. a total of 40 diarrheic goat kids were administered orally with the therapeutic phage preparation for two days twice daily. Total 21 diarrheic goat-kids were successfully treated using the therapeutic phage preparation, whereas 19 kids could not be treated (success rate: 52.5%; 21/40). The results of the current study provide insight for using lytic bacteriophages for therapeutic interventions against drug resistant E. coli responsible for colibacillosis in neonatal goat kids

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Not AvailableRice–wheat rotation is the most important cropping system of the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) and is responsible for the food security of the region. The effect of different integrated nutrient management practices on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and its fractions, SOC sequestration potential as well as the sustainability of the rice–wheat system were evaluated in long term experiments at different agroclimatic zones of IGP. Application of NPK either through inorganic fertilizers or through combination of inorganic fertilizer and organics such as farm yard manure (FYM) or crop residue or green manure improved the SOC, particulate organic carbon (POC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration and their sequestration rate. Application of 50% NPK + 50% N through FYM in rice and 100% NPK in wheat, sequestered 0.39, 0.50, 0.51 and 0.62 Mg C ha−1 yr−1 over control (no N–P–K fertilizers or organics), respectively at Ludhiana, Kanpur, Sabour and Kalyani using the mass of SOC in the control treatment as reference point. Soil carbon sequestration with response to application of fertilizer partially substituted (50% on N basis) with organics were higher in Kalyani and Sabour lying in humid climate than Ludhiana and Kanpur lying in semiarid climate. The rice yield recorded a significant declining trend in Ludhiana and Kanpur where as the yield trend was stable at Sabour and Kalyani under unfertilized control. The system productivity in N–P–K fertilized plots and NPK along with organics showed either an increasing trend or remained stable at all locations during last two and half decades of the experiment.Not Availabl