Underneath the Arches, no. 61, October 24, 1968

Underneath the Arches was Grand Valley State\u27s faculty and staff newsletter, published from 1963 to 1971. It was a precursor to the Forum

Conventional and grating-based mammograms of a breast specimen with invasive ductal carcinoma.

<p>Conventional mammogram (a), grating-based absorption (b), differential phase (c) and dark-field image (d) of the breast specimen. The field of view has a size of 12.8×12.8 cm². Images (b)–(d) were obtained by stitching together 4×4 low-statistic projections. Arrows indicate the direction of scanning. The high-statistic images of the invasive ductal carcinoma are shown as inlays.</p

Two-directional, grating-based mammograms of the invasive ductal carcinoma.

<p>Two-directional differential phase (a), (b) and sharpened, two-dimensional integrated phase image (c). Dark-field (d), (e) and mean dark-field image (f). Arrows indicate the direction of scanning. Red and blue boxes indicate tumor branches exclusively perceivable in the images obtained with scanning performed in - or -direction, respectively.</p

Two-directional, grating-based mammograms of the invasive ductal carcinoma with correlated histopathology.

<p>(a) Sharpened, two-dimensional integrated phase image of the invasive ductal carcinoma. The frames in (a) and (c) indicate three locally separated tumor lesions (apparently trifocal). Arrows in (a) and (c) indicate fine tumor branches. (b) Sharpened, absorption image of the invasive ductal carcinoma. Circles indicate position of relevant tumor details. (c) Histological slice (Hematoxylin and Eosin stain) of the invasive ductal carcinoma. (d) Directional dark-field image of the invasive ductal carcinoma. Preferred scattering direction is color-coded ranging from -directed (red) over isotropic (purple) to -directed (blue). (e) 200x magnified histological image of the tumor branch, as indicated by white diamond in (c) and (d). The 2-dimensional FFT is shown as an inlay. (d) 200x magnified histological image of the tumor lesion, as indicated by black diamond in (c) and (d). The 2-dimensional FFT is shown as an inlay.</p

Laboratory X-ray phase-contrast mammography setup.

<p>(A) Longitudinal view of the revised, laboratory X-ray phase-contrast mammography setup with a dose-saving arrangement of phase grating and sample holder. A compact system length, rotating X-ray anode and conventional flat panel detector met the design criteria of clinical mammography systems. (B) Close-up view in the direction of the X-ray beam showing the phase-stepping instruments and breast equivalent incorporated for flat-field measurements. The combination of high-load actuator and nano-converter enables image acquisition times within 12 seconds.</p

Clinically compatible phase-contrast mammograms of a freshly dissected, cancerous mastectomy sample and the mammographic accreditation phantom Gammex 156.

<p>Clinical ex-vivo mammography at 28 kVp, 86 mAs and 0.94 mGy mean glandular dose (Rhodium filter) (A), grating-based absorption (B), differential phase (C) and dark-field mammography (D) at 40 kVp, 70 mA and 2.2 mGy mean glandular dose of a freshly dissected mastectomy sample. Both absorption images are rated equivalent with respect to image quality and detection quality. Inlays show magnified view of the cancerous and micro-calcified tissue volume, with a superior contrast-to-noise ratio in the dark-field (10.6) in comparison to absorption channel (5.7). Notice that soft-tissue components of the tumor are exclusively detected within the dark-field signal, as indicated by the dashed blue line. Clinical mammography at 28 kVp, 159 mAs and 1.62 mGy mean glandular dose (Rhodium filter) (E), grating-based absorption (F), differential phase (G) and dark-field mammography (H) at 40 kVp, 70 mA and 2.07 mGy mean glandular dose of the mammographic accreditation phantom Gammex 156 (Gammex Inc., Middleton). The grating-based absorption image meets the standard criteria of clinical image quality, by resolving 4 of a minimum of 4 fibrils (#1–4), 3 of a minimum of 3 groups of simulated micro-calcifications (#7–9) and 4 of a minimum of 3 tumor masses (#12–15). The differential phase and dark-field channel provide complementary information by revealing an additional 5^th fibril (#5) and 5^th tumor mass (#16) as indicated by arrows.</p

Clinical mammography and sonography of patient B.

<p>In-vivo mammography in mediolateral oblique projection before (A), after 4 cycles NAC (B) and after completion of NAC (C). Ultrasound before NAC (D). Tumor indicated by arrowheads. Please note the excessive calcifications (white spots in A–D) within the tumor. The exact tumor borders are not visible in mammography and sonography.</p

Sample-holder used for PC-CT imaging.

<p>Photograph of the sample-holder with the sample in it.</p

Linum virginianum L.

原著和名: キバナノマツバニンジン科名: アマ科 = Linaceae採集地: 千葉県 千葉市 千葉大学構内 (下総 千葉市 千葉大学構内)採集日: 1976/8/9採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH045221国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-99522

Clinical mammography, sonography and MRI of patient A.

<p>In-vivo mammography of patient A in craniocaudal (A and C) and mediolateral oblique (B and D) projection before (A and B) and after completion of NAC (C and D). Ultrasound before NAC (E). In-vivo MRI including contrast-enhanced T1 weighted gradient-echo sequence after manual injection of 30 ml gadopentetate dimeglumine (Magnevist ^® 0.5 mmol/ml) (F) and the corresponding first subtraction image after 2 min (G) in an axial view using a dedicated sensitivity-encoding enabled bilateral breast coil with a 1.5-Tesla system. The tumor is marked with arrowheads. Please note that the tumor is only partially imaged in conventional mammography due to the prepectoral position (A–D) and in Ultrasound (E) due to the extensive size.</p