Evaluating damage in the perianth: a new diagrammatic scale to estimate population level of Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) in coconut fruits

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), is one of the main pests of the coconut crop by attacking the fruits. Colonies can reach 10,000 mites/fruit at high infestation. A diagrammatic scale (Galvão scale) has been developed and tested by Brazilian researchers to estimate the number of mites/fruit by determining the percentage of necrotic area of the fruit surface. Our objective was to develop and validate a new diagrammatic scale based on the percentage of the damaged perimeter of the fruit at the base of the perianth, in order to facilitate and improve the quantification of A. guerreronis per fruit. Fruits were collected in an urban coconut plantation in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. For the development of the new diagrammatic scale, it was calculated the percentage of the damaged perimeter on 50 fruits with different damage levels. To analyze the relationship between the damage and population levels of A. guerreronis on the fruits, we compared the two scales by testing them both on 470 fruits. The new diagrammatic scale recorded nine damage levels, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 70 and 100%. To validate our new diagrammatic scale, the damage level in each fruit was estimated by 10 inexperienced evaluators, with and without the aid of the scale. The accuracy and precision of each evaluator were determined through linear regression between observed and estimated damage. With or without or the use of the scale, 5 of 10 evaluators overestimated or underestimated the damage level and were imprecise and inaccurate. This showed that the scale did not provide improvements in the levels of accuracy and precision of the evaluators. The relationship between infestation and damage levels showed high accuracy for both scales in the regression analysis (R²= 96% and R²= 98%). The population peak of A. guerreronis by the new diagrammatic scale occurred at 32% of damage level and for the Galvão scale it occurred at 8% of damage level. Although the new diagrammatic scale has not promoted improvements in damage estimates, it presented high precision in the relationship between infestation and damage levels

Ácaros plantícolas (Acari) da Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

O presente estudo foi realizado na Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista, localizada na região de São José do Rio Preto, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, visando determinar espécies acarinas plantícolas associadas a fragmentos de mata nativa. Foram determinadas 83 espécies, pertencentes a 48 gêneros de 20 famílias, associadas a mais de 60 espécies vegetais. Trinta e oito espécies acarinas foram identificadas nominalmente. As mais freqüentes foram Tetranychus ludeni (Zacher, 1913) (Tetranychidae) e Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Denmark & Muma, 1972) (Phytoseiidae), coletadas sobre 15 e 14 espécies de plantas, respectivamente. A maior diversidade foi observada em Piper sp. (Piperaceae) (21 espécies acarinas), seguida de Luehea speciosa Willd. (Tiliaceae) (17), Alchornea glandulosa Poepp. & Endl. (Euphorbiaceae) (16), Bauhinia rufa (Bong.) Steud (Caesalpinaceae) (14) e Olyra sp. (Poaceae) (12).This study was conducted in the Estação Ecológica do Noroeste Paulista, located in the region of São José do Rio Preto, State of São Paulo, Brazil, to determine plant inhabiting mite species in patches of native forest. Eighty three mite species belonging to 48 genera in 20 families were collected on more than 60 plant species. Thirty eight mite species were nominally identified. The most frequent were Tetranychus ludeni (Zacher, 1913) (Tetranychidae) and Iphiseiodes zuluagai (Denmarkyv & Muma, 1972) (Phytoseiidae), collected on 15 and 14 plants species, respectively. The largest diversity was observed on Piper sp. (Piperaceae) (21 mite species), Luehea speciosa Willd. (Tiliaceae (17), Alchornea glandulosa Poepp. & Endl. (Euphorbiaceae) (16), Bauhinia rufa (Bong.) Steud (Caesalpinaceae) (14) e Olyra sp. (Poaceae)(12)

Evaluating damage in the perianth: a new diagrammatic scale to estimate population level of Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) in coconut fruits

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), is one of the main pests of the coconut crop by attacking the fruits. Colonies can reach 10,000 mites/fruit at high infestation. A diagrammatic scale (Galvão scale) has been developed and tested by Brazilian researchers to estimate the number of mites/fruit by determining the percentage of necrotic area of the fruit surface. Our objective was to develop and validate a new diagrammatic scale based on the percentage of the damaged perimeter of the fruit at the base of the perianth, in order to facilitate and improve the quantification of A. guerreronis per fruit. Fruits were collected in an urban coconut plantation in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. For the development of the new diagrammatic scale, it was calculated the percentage of the damaged perimeter on 50 fruits with different damage levels. To analyze the relationship between the damage and population levels of A. guerreronis on the fruits, we compared the two scales by testing them both on 470 fruits. The new diagrammatic scale recorded nine damage levels, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 70 and 100%. To validate our new diagrammatic scale, the damage level in each fruit was estimated by 10 inexperienced evaluators, with and without the aid of the scale. The accuracy and precision of each evaluator were determined through linear regression between observed and estimated damage. With or without or the use of the scale, 5 of 10 evaluators overestimated or underestimated the damage level and were imprecise and inaccurate. This showed that the scale did not provide improvements in the levels of accuracy and precision of the evaluators. The relationship between infestation and damage levels showed high accuracy for both scales in the regression analysis (R²= 96% and R²= 98%). The population peak of A. guerreronis by the new diagrammatic scale occurred at 32% of damage level and for the Galvão scale it occurred at 8% of damage level. Although the new diagrammatic scale has not promoted improvements in damage estimates, it presented high precision in the relationship between infestation and damage levels

Evaluating damage in the perianth: a new diagrammatic scale to estimate population level of Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) in coconut fruits

The coconut mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae), is one of the main pests of the coconut crop by attacking the fruits. Colonies can reach 10,000 mites/fruit at high infestation. A diagrammatic scale (Galvão scale) has been developed and tested by Brazilian researchers to estimate the number of mites/fruit by determining the percentage of necrotic area of the fruit surface. Our objective was to develop and validate a new diagrammatic scale based on the percentage of the damaged perimeter of the fruit at the base of the perianth, in order to facilitate and improve the quantification of A. guerreronis per fruit. Fruits were collected in an urban coconut plantation in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil. For the development of the new diagrammatic scale, it was calculated the percentage of the damaged perimeter on 50 fruits with different damage levels. To analyze the relationship between the damage and population levels of A. guerreronis on the fruits, we compared the two scales by testing them both on 470 fruits. The new diagrammatic scale recorded nine damage levels, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 48, 70 and 100%. To validate our new diagrammatic scale, the damage level in each fruit was estimated by 10 inexperienced evaluators, with and without the aid of the scale. The accuracy and precision of each evaluator were determined through linear regression between observed and estimated damage. With or without or the use of the scale, 5 of 10 evaluators overestimated or underestimated the damage level and were imprecise and inaccurate. This showed that the scale did not provide improvements in the levels of accuracy and precision of the evaluators. The relationship between infestation and damage levels showed high accuracy for both scales in the regression analysis (R²= 96% and R²= 98%). The population peak of A. guerreronis by the new diagrammatic scale occurred at 32% of damage level and for the Galvão scale it occurred at 8% of damage level. Although the new diagrammatic scale has not promoted improvements in damage estimates, it presented high precision in the relationship between infestation and damage levels

Ácaros Plantícolas (Acari) da Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

O presente estudo foi realizado na Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria, região norte do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, visando conhecer a biodiversidade de ácaros associados a plantas em fragmentos de mata estacional semidecidual nativa. Cento e vinte e três espécies das subordens Gamasida, Actinedida, Acaridida e Oribatida (35 identificadas nominalmente), pertencentes a 78 gêneros de 25 famílias, foram coletadas sobre 18 espécies vegetais. As espécies mais freqüentes foram Euseius concordis (Chant) e Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma (Phytoseiidae), encontradas sobre oito e seis espécies vegetais, respectivamente. A maior riqueza de espécies foi observada em Psicotria cartagenensis (oito espécies), Cecropia pachystachya (sete espécies), Guarea kunthiana e Jacaratia spinosa (seis espécies).This study was conducted in the Estação Ecológica de Paulo de Faria, northern region of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, to determine the biodiversity of plant inhabiting mites in patches of native semideciduous forest. One hundred twenty three species of the suborders Gamasida, Actinedida, Acaridida and Oribatida (35 nominally identified), belonging to 78 genera in 25 families, were collected on 18 plant species. The most frequent species were Euseius concordis (Chant) and Iphiseiodes zuluagai Denmark & Muma, found on eight and six plant species, respectively. The largest richness was observed in Psicotria cartagenensis (eight species), Cecropia pachystachya (seven species), Guarea kunthiana and Jacaratia spinosa (six species)

Typhlodromips theobromae Souza, Oliveira & Gondim Jr. 2010

<i>Typhlodromips theobromae</i> Souza, Oliveira & Gondim Jr., 2010 <p> Specimens examined. UESC, <i>Z</i>. <i>spectabile</i>, September 2007 (5 females).</p>Published as part of <i>Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4)</i> on page 348, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/570106">http://zenodo.org/record/570106</a&gt

Iphiseiodes setillus Gondim Jr. & Moraes 2001

<i>Iphiseiodes setillus</i> Gondim Jr. & Moraes, 2001 <p> Specimens examined. UESC, <i>H</i>. <i>spathocircinata</i>, November 2007 (1 female), <i>H</i>. <i>wagneriana</i>, November 2007 (1 female).</p>Published as part of <i>Argolo, Poliane Sá, Vital Santos, Renata M., Leão Bittencourt, Maria A., Da Silva Noronha, Aloyséia C., De Moraes, Gilberto J. & Oliveira, Anibal Ramadan, 2017, Phytoseiid mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) associated with tropical ornamental plants, with a checklist and a key to the species of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 345-364 in Zootaxa 4258 (4)</i> on page 347, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4258.4.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/570106">http://zenodo.org/record/570106</a&gt