89 research outputs found
Reclamation of Marine Chitinous Materials for Chitosanase Production via Microbial Conversion by Paenibacillus macerans
[[abstract]]: Chitinous materials from marine byproducts elicit great interest among biotechnologists for
their potential biomedical or agricultural applications. In this study, four kinds of marine chitinous
materials (squid pens, shrimp heads, demineralized shrimp shells, and demineralized crab shells)
were used to screen the best source for producing chitosanase by Paenibacillus macerans TKU029.
Among them, the chitosanase activity was found to be highest in the culture using the medium
containing squid pens as the sole carbon/nitrogen (C/N) source. A chitosanase which showed
molecular weights at 63 kDa was isolated from P. macerans cultured on a squid pens medium.
The purified TKU029 chitosanase exhibited optimum activity at 60 ◦C and pH 7, and was stable at
temperatures under 50 ◦C and pH 3-8. An analysis by MALDI-TOF MS revealed that the chitosan
oligosaccharides (COS) obtained from the hydrolysis of water-soluble chitosan by TKU029 crude
enzyme showed various degrees of polymerization (DP), varying from 3–6. The obtained COS
enhanced the growth of four lactic acid bacteria strains but exhibited no effect on the growth of E. coli.
By specialized growth enhancing effects, the COS produced from hydrolyzing water soluble chitosan
with TKU029 chitinolytic enzymes could have potential for use in medicine or nutraceuticals.[[sponsorship]]MOST[[notice]]補正完
Preface
[[abstract]]The development of new materials has recently become an extremely interesting research topic, especially in relation to chitin and chitosan. Chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives hold great economic merit due to their versatile activities and biotechnological applications, such as their wide use in fabricating polymer scaffolds, the production of designed-nanocarriers, and in enabling microencapsulation techniques.
Among the natural chitin-containing resources, crab shells, shrimp shells, and squid pens have the highest chitin content. Conventionally, chitin is obtained from crab shells and shrimp shells using an inorganic acid or a strong alkali for demineralization or deproteinization, respectively. For recycling these fishery chitin-containing by-products, in order to produce additional highly bioactive products other than chitin or chitosan, the investigation of the utilization of shrimp shells, crab shells, and squid pens has been estimated via microbial conversion.
Last year, when Professor Masakazu Anpo visited Tamkang University, he accepted our suggestion to publish this special issue entitled “Research on Advanced Materials: Chitin and Chitosan.”
In this special issue, 12 papers offer evidence for the advancement of our knowledge and capabilities in this field. We would like to thank all of the authors who provided their contributions, presenting their incisive and unique perceptions regarding this special issue. We also express our sincere gratitude to all the reviewers for their effort and expertise in reviewing the manuscripts.[[sponsorship]]科技部[[notice]]補正完
Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection in 3D Point Clouds
Affordance detection is a challenging problem with a wide variety of robotic
applications. Traditional affordance detection methods are limited to a
predefined set of affordance labels, hence potentially restricting the
adaptability of intelligent robots in complex and dynamic environments. In this
paper, we present the Open-Vocabulary Affordance Detection (OpenAD) method,
which is capable of detecting an unbounded number of affordances in 3D point
clouds. By simultaneously learning the affordance text and the point feature,
OpenAD successfully exploits the semantic relationships between affordances.
Therefore, our proposed method enables zero-shot detection and can be able to
detect previously unseen affordances without a single annotation example.
Intensive experimental results show that OpenAD works effectively on a wide
range of affordance detection setups and outperforms other baselines by a large
margin. Additionally, we demonstrate the practicality of the proposed OpenAD in
real-world robotic applications with a fast inference speed (~100ms). Our
project is available at https://openad2023.github.io.Comment: Accepted to The 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent
Robots and Systems (IROS 2023
THE TREATMENT OF COLLOCATIONS IN ENGLISH TEXTBOOKS FOR VIETNAMESE STUDENTS
The present study investigates collocational profiles that appear in the English textbook series for Vietnamese students from elementary to high school grades by identifying how the series covers collocations in terms of frequency and how the mode of collocation presentation aligns with recommendations in the existing literature. A total of 30,005 collocations of both verb-noun and adjective-noun patterns were identified, of which 1,078 are targeted collocations. The study found that the frequencies of occurrences of collocation tokens increase steadily alongside the three grade levels, while the frequencies of collocation types are not distributed proportionately. As for the mode of collocation presentation, targeted collocations and collocation exercises follow the best practices recommended in the literature to a certain extent and in some criteria; inconsistency, however, was found to be one of the shortcomings across those evaluation criteria. Pedagogical implications for teachers and textbook authors are discussed
Language-driven Scene Synthesis using Multi-conditional Diffusion Model
Scene synthesis is a challenging problem with several industrial
applications. Recently, substantial efforts have been directed to synthesize
the scene using human motions, room layouts, or spatial graphs as the input.
However, few studies have addressed this problem from multiple modalities,
especially combining text prompts. In this paper, we propose a language-driven
scene synthesis task, which is a new task that integrates text prompts, human
motion, and existing objects for scene synthesis. Unlike other single-condition
synthesis tasks, our problem involves multiple conditions and requires a
strategy for processing and encoding them into a unified space. To address the
challenge, we present a multi-conditional diffusion model, which differs from
the implicit unification approach of other diffusion literature by explicitly
predicting the guiding points for the original data distribution. We
demonstrate that our approach is theoretically supportive. The intensive
experiment results illustrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art
benchmarks and enables natural scene editing applications. The source code and
dataset can be accessed at https://lang-scene-synth.github.io/.Comment: Accepted to NeurIPS 202
Bioactivity-guided purification of novel herbal antioxidant and anti-NO compounds from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ
[[abstract]]Euonymus laxiflorus Champ., a medicinal herb collected in Vietnam, has been reported
to show several potent bioactivities, including anti-NO, enzyme inhibition, hypoglycemic and
antidiabetic effects. Recently, the antioxidant activity of Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. trunk bark
(ELCTB) has also been reported. However, the active antioxidant and anti-NO constituents existing
in ELCTB have not been reported in the literature. The objective of this study was to purify the active
antioxidants from ELCTB and investigate the anti-NO effect of the major constituents. Twenty-two
phenolics isolated from ELCTB, including 12 compounds newly isolated in this study (1–12) and
10 constituents obtained from our previous work, were evaluated for their antioxidant activity.
Of these, 12 compounds (4–6, 9, 13–15, 18–22) showed a potent antioxidant capacity (FRS50 =
7.8–58.11 µg/mL), in comparison to α-tocopherol (FRS50 = 23 µg/mL). In the anti-NO activity tests,
Walterolactone A (1a) and B (1b) β-D-glucopyranoside (13) demonstrated the most effective and
comparable activity to that of quercetin with max inhibition and IC50 values of 100%, 1.3 µg/mL, and
100%, 1.21 µg/mL, respectively. The crude extract and its major compounds showed no cytotoxicity
on normal cells. Notably, three constituents (9, 11, and 12) were identified as new compounds,
another three constituents, including 1, 7, and 8, were found to be new natural products, constituents
9 and 13 were determined to be new antioxidants, and compound 13 was reported to have novel
potent anti-NO activity for the first time. The results of this study contribute to the enrichment of
new natural products and compounds, as well as the novel biological activity of constituents isolated
from Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. The current study also indicates ELCTB as a rich natural source of
active phenolics. It is suggested that ELCTB could be developed as a health food with promising
antioxidant and anti-NO effects, as well as other beneficial biological activities.[[sponsorship]]科技部[[notice]]補正完
Sensor Allocation and Online-Learning-based Path Planning for Maritime Situational Awareness Enhancement: A Multi-Agent Approach
Countries with access to large bodies of water often aim to protect their
maritime transport by employing maritime surveillance systems. However, the
number of available sensors (e.g., cameras) is typically small compared to the
to-be-monitored targets, and their Field of View (FOV) and range are often
limited. This makes improving the situational awareness of maritime transports
challenging. To this end, we propose a method that not only distributes
multiple sensors but also plans paths for them to observe multiple targets,
while minimizing the time needed to achieve situational awareness. In
particular, we provide a formulation of this sensor allocation and path
planning problem which considers the partial awareness of the targets' state,
as well as the unawareness of the targets' trajectories. To solve the problem
we present two algorithms: 1) a greedy algorithm for assigning sensors to
targets, and 2) a distributed multi-agent path planning algorithm based on
regret-matching learning. Because a quick convergence is a requirement for
algorithms developed for high mobility environments, we employ a forgetting
factor to quickly converge to correlated equilibrium solutions. Experimental
results show that our combined approach achieves situational awareness more
quickly than related work
Potential application of rhizobacteria isolated from the Central Highland of Vietnam as an effective biocontrol agent of robusta coffee nematodes and as a bio-fertilizer
[[abstract]]Robusta coffee is a major commercial crop in the Central Highland of Vietnam with high economic and export value. However, this crop is adversely affected by various pathogens, particularly nematodes. This study aimed to screen active anti-nematode rhizobacterial strains for sustainable coffee production. Among more than 200 isolates, the isolate TUN03 demonstrated efficient biocontrol with nearly 100% mortality of J2 coffee nematodes Meloidogyne spp. and 84% inhibition of nematode egg hatching. This active strain was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa TUN03 based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis. In greenhouse tests, the strain TUN03 significantly reduced the coffee nematode population in the rhizome-soil with an 83.23% inhibition rate and showed plant growth-promoting effects. Notably, this is the first report of the nematicidal effect of P. aeruginosa against coffee nematodes. This potent strain further showed an antifungal effect against various crop-pathogenic fungi and was found to be the most effective against Fusarium solani F04 (isolated from coffee roots) with a 70.51% inhibition rate. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that this bacterial strain also secretes plant growth regulators including indole acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3), kinetin, and zeatin in significant amounts of 100, 2700, 37, and 9.5 µg/mL, respectively. The data from this study suggest that P. aeruginosa TUN03 may be a potential biocontrol agent and biofertilizer for the sustainable production of Robusta coffee and other crops.[[sponsorship]]科技部[[notice]]補正完
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