Análise do uso de agrotóxicos em Assentamentos Rurais

O Projeto “Segurança alimentar no campo: redesenhos agroecológicos da produção em áreas de assentamentos e de remanescentes de quilombos” (Processo CNPq 559493/2010-0) está focado na questão da segurança alimentar, um direito garantido por lei no Brasil. A compreensão do papel que o uso de agrotóxicos possui no manejo agrícola de comunidades rurais está diretamente relacionada à proposição de um redesenho agroecológico da produção, uma vez que a substituição dos métodos convencionais de combate a pragas e doenças deverá ser um dos pilares do novo modelo de manejo, o qual deverá prezar pela saúde do trabalhador e do meio ambiente. A grande mobilização da sociedade civil organizada e dos movimentos sociais para que sejam reavaliados o uso seguro de diversos agroquímicos e o título de maior consumidor mundial de agrotóxicos, conquistado pelo Brasil desde 2009, mostram a necessidade de se estudar diferentes contextos da utilização dessa tecnologia para que se consiga superá-la. Realizou-se um estudo sobre o uso de agrotóxicos em assentamentos da reforma agrária com a finalidade de compreender o contexto de sua utilização observando os motivos, características e consequências desse uso. Objetivou-se gerar conhecimentos para proposição de resedenhos tecnológicos de agroecossistemas compatíveis com os princípios da agroecologia e das tecnologias sociais, visando a segurança alimentar e nutricional de populações rurais assentadas. Para atingir esses objetivos foram analisadas as respostas das questões relacionadas ao uso de agrotóxicos coletadas nos levantamentos de campo realizados nos assentamentos Araras I, II, III e IV localizados no município de Araras, estado de São Paulo, Brasil, e feitas associações entre as respostas obtidas e a escolaridade e gênero do chefe da família, tipos de lavouras cultivadas, uso de EPI (Equipamentos de Proteção Individual), percepção das produtividades e rentabilidades agrícolas e intoxicação humana pelo uso de agrotóxicos

Psychological consequences in victims of maritime piracy: the Italian experience

Background and aim: Maritime piracy is a worrying phenomenon. Its recurrence in the last few years iscausing several problems to the safety of maritime routes. In spite of the number of seafarers kidnappedand maintained in captivity, psychological/mental disorders developed in victims of these criminal actshave not been investigated. This study has assessed psychological consequences of kidnapping in a groupof Italian seafarers held in captivity from 7 to 10 months.Materials and methods: Four Italian seafarers were examined at the 5th month after release. An initial, semi-structured interview was followed by 2 structured clinical evaluations for assessing the possible presence of psychopathological disorders. Instruments used were the Cognitive Behavioural Assessment (CBA 2.0) and the Clinician-Administered Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Scale (CAPS-DX).Results: All victims showed high scores of state anxiety (56.00 ± 3.36) and social adjustment disorder (12.75 ± 2.21) to CBA 2.0. Moreover, 3 of them revealed traits of anxiety (58.75 ± 8.50) and emotionalinstability (8.25 ± 2.50). Two of them had somatic disorders (63.25 ± 15.94), depression (17.25 ± 4.78) and phobic problems (91.00 ± 7.02). In 3 of 4 victims examined, a PTSD diagnosis was made. Symptomsof recall resulted in higher CAPS-DX (13.00 ± 4.05) scores.Conclusions: Traumatic experiences such as being kept in captivity by pirates could entail relevant psychopathological disorders in victims and their families. Quality care interventions, aimed to develop paradigms for resilience training, represent a priority. An international partnerships and collaboration between institutions, clinicians and seafarer organisations can be useful to evaluate psychological conditions of these workers

Psychological distress in families of victims of maritime piracy — the Italian experience

Background: This work has investigated the psychological status of family members of kidnapped seafarers, 5 months after their release.Aim: The goal of this study was to assess if relatives of victims of maritime piracy showed signs of psychological distress, to diagnose eventual pathologies and to measure their severity.Materials and methods: Twelve family members (8 females and 4 males) of 4 kidnapped seafarers were examined. They were first interviewed by a semi-structured approach and then examined using the self-report questionnaire State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS).Results: Five months after the relatives had been released, 42% of the family members of kidnapped seafarers obtained pathological scores in the STAI-Y questionnaire, and 33% showed depression according to the HDRS.Conclusions: Family members of kidnapped seafarers show significant psychopathological symptoms 5 months after relatives have been released. Symptoms may be severe enough to interfere with daily life in about one half of them. Kidnapping is a changing life experience and both victims and relatives require attention and support

Long-term outcomes of transobturator tapes in women with stress urinary incontinence : E-TOT randomised controlled trial

FUNDING/SUPPORT AND ROLE OF THE SPONSOR: The initial phase of this study (up-to 3 years follow-up) was funded by a grant from the Henry Smith Charity (Address: 6th Floor, 65 Leadenhall Street,London EC3A2AD). Registered Charity Number – 230102. D. Karmakar was funded by IUGA Clinical Fellowship Grant 2014.Peer reviewedPostprin

Recommendations for assessing water quality and safety on board merchant ships

Introduction: Health and diseases on board ships may depend on water. Interventions to improve the quality of water may bring to significant benefits to health and water stores/supply and should be controlledto protect health. This paper has reviewed the main regulations for the control of water safety and qualityon board ships and presents some practical recommendations for keeping water healthy and safe in passenger and cargo merchant ships.Methodology: The main international regulations and guidelines on the topic were analysed. Guidelines forWater Quality on Board Merchant Ships Including Passenger Vessels of Health Protection Agency, World Health Organisation (WHO) Guide to Ship Sanitation, WHO Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, WHO Water Safety Plan and the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention Vessel Sanitation Program were examined. Recommendations for passenger and, if available, for cargo ships were collected and compared. Recommended questionnaire: A questionnaire summarising the main information to collect for assessingthe enough quality of water for the purposes it should be used on board is proposed. The need of havinga crew member with water assessment duties on board, trained for performing these activities properlyis discussed.Conclusions: Water quality on board ships should be monitored routinely. Monitoring should be directedto chemical and microbiological parameters for identifying possible contamination sources, using specifickits by a designed crew member. More detailed periodic assessments should be under the responsibility ofspecialised personnel/laboratories and should be based on sample collection from all tanks and sites of waterdistribution. It is important to select a properly trained crew member on board for monitoring water quality

Pelvic lymphadenectomy for cervical carcinoma: Laparotomy extraperitoneal, transperitoneal or laparoscopic approach? A randomized study

To compare transperitoneal, extraperitoneal and laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in terms of feasibility and morbidity in patients affected by cervical cancer undergoing radical hysterectomy. Consecutive patients affected by stage IB-IIB cervical carcinoma scheduled for radical surgery entered the study. Patients were randomly assigned to transperitoneal (TPL), extraperitoneal (EPL) or laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy (LPL). All patients underwent classical radical hysterectomy. Perioperative data were recorded. Follow up examinations were performed at the 15th, 30th and 60th day after surgery. 168 patients entered the study. The mean operative times were: 63+/-7.6, 54+/-6.7 and 75+/-8.4 min (TPL vs EPL P<0.001; EPL vs LPL P<0.001; TPL vs LPL P<0.001) for TPL, EPL and LPL respectively. The feasibility of the procedures, analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis, was 96%, 93% and 95% for TPL, EPL and LPL group respectively (P=ns). The average hospitalizations were: 5.6+/-0.9, 3.2+/-0.4 and 3.1+/-0.3 days (TPL vs EPL P<0.001; TPL vs LPL P<0.001) for TPL, EPL and LPL respectively. EPL and LPL are as feasible and effective as TPL and can be adequately performed with a reasonable complication rate. LPL showed a statistically significant longer operative time. However, both EPL and LPL can minimize some postoperative complications reducing length of stay

Profili strategici delle PMI: l’indagine RIOM

Exchange relationships in the olive oil sector is characterized by an extreme variety of organizational forms and use of the market. The survey RIOM promoted under the project, and identifies the links between the structural characteristics and corporate styles, will outline the strengths and weaknesses that characterize the functioning of the exchange of olive oils from producer to consumer with a direct bearing on the competitiveness of different olive-growing systems

Cost of illness of advanced ovarian carcinoma in Italy: results of an empirical, single-centre study

AIM: To perform an empirical, single-centre, retrospective and secondary cost of illness (COI) study of advanced ovarian carcinoma (AOC) in Italy. METHODS: Demographic, clinical, health care and non-health care resource consumption data concerning a convenience sample of subsequent patients in 1st line of treatment (100 patients), 2nd line of treatment A (surgery + chemotherapy; 30 patients) and 2nd line of treatment B (chemotherapy only; 20 patients) were obtained from a database created in 2011 by the Obstetrics and Ginecology Unit at Campus Biomedico teaching hospital, Rome. Patients were followed-up for 2 years. Resources were valued according to the above mentioned database and literature, following the societal viewpoint. Costs are expressed in Euro (€) 2014 and reported as mean and standard deviation (SD). RESULTS: One-year COI for 1st line of treatment reaches € 44,999.7 (SD: €28,757.3), € 55,410.8 (SD: € 32,454.6) and €46,895.6 (SD: € 28,407.4) for 2nd line of treatment A and B, respectively. Regardless the line of treatment, COI is mainly driven by cost borne by patient and her family. Due to the high costs of relapse the mean COI per patient after 2 years from the diagnosis of AOC equals € 81,869.4 (SD: € 30,660.9), or 182% of the COI for the 1st line of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Despite some limitations, our results show that increasing progression-free survival could well reduce the COI for AOC in Italy

Adjuvant HPV Vaccination to Prevent Recurrent Cervical Dysplasia after Surgical Treatment:A Meta-Analysis

Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to discuss evidence supporting the efficacy of adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in reducing the risk of recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or greater after surgical treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed for studies reporting the impact of HPV vaccination on reducing the risk of recurrence of CIN 2+ after surgical excision. Results were reported as mean differences or pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results: Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for analysis. In total, 21,310 patients were included: 4039 (19%) received peri-operational adjuvant HPV vaccination while 17,271 (81%) received surgery alone. The recurrence of CIN 2+ after treatment was significantly lower in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated group (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.21–0.56; p &lt; 0.0001). The recurrence of CIN 1+ after treatment was significantly lower in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated group (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.31–0.83; p = 0.006). A non-significant trend of reduction rate of HPV persistence was observed in the vaccinated compared with the unvaccinated cohorts (OR was 0.84; 95% CI 0.61–1.15; p = 0.28). Conclusions: HPV vaccination, in adjuvant setting, is associated with a reduced risk of recurrent CIN 1+ and CIN 2+ after surgical treatment

psychological distress in families of victims of maritime piracy the italian experience

Background: This work has investigated the psychological status of family members of kidnapped seafarers, 5 months after their release. Aim: The goal of this study was to assess if relatives of victims of maritime piracy showed signs of psychological distress, to diagnose eventual pathologies and to measure their severity. Materials and methods: Twelve family members (8 females and 4 males) of 4 kidnapped seafarers were examined. They were first interviewed by a semi-structured approach and then examined using the self-report questionnaire State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y), and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Results: Five months after the relatives had been released, 42% of the family members of kidnapped seafarers obtained pathological scores in the STAI-Y questionnaire, and 33% showed depression according to the HDRS. Conclusions: Family members of kidnapped seafarers show significant psychopathological symptoms 5 months after relatives have been released. Symptoms may be severe enough to interfere with daily life in about one half of them. Kidnapping is a changing life experience and both victims and relatives require attention and support. (Int Marit Health 2014; 65, 1: 28–32