Argo data 1999-2019: two million temperature-salinity profiles and subsurface velocity observations from a global array of profiling floats.

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Wong, A. P. S., Wijffels, S. E., Riser, S. C., Pouliquen, S., Hosoda, S., Roemmich, D., Gilson, J., Johnson, G. C., Martini, K., Murphy, D. J., Scanderbeg, M., Bhaskar, T. V. S. U., Buck, J. J. H., Merceur, F., Carval, T., Maze, G., Cabanes, C., Andre, X., Poffa, N., Yashayaev, I., Barker, P. M., Guinehut, S., Belbeoch, M., Ignaszewski, M., Baringer, M. O., Schmid, C., Lyman, J. M., McTaggart, K. E., Purkey, S. G., Zilberman, N., Alkire, M. B., Swift, D., Owens, W. B., Jayne, S. R., Hersh, C., Robbins, P., West-Mack, D., Bahr, F., Yoshida, S., Sutton, P. J. H., Cancouet, R., Coatanoan, C., Dobbler, D., Juan, A. G., Gourrion, J., Kolodziejczyk, N., Bernard, V., Bourles, B., Claustre, H., D'Ortenzio, F., Le Reste, S., Le Traon, P., Rannou, J., Saout-Grit, C., Speich, S., Thierry, V., Verbrugge, N., Angel-Benavides, I. M., Klein, B., Notarstefano, G., Poulain, P., Velez-Belchi, P., Suga, T., Ando, K., Iwasaska, N., Kobayashi, T., Masuda, S., Oka, E., Sato, K., Nakamura, T., Sato, K., Takatsuki, Y., Yoshida, T., Cowley, R., Lovell, J. L., Oke, P. R., van Wijk, E. M., Carse, F., Donnelly, M., Gould, W. J., Gowers, K., King, B. A., Loch, S. G., Mowat, M., Turton, J., Rama Rao, E. P., Ravichandran, M., Freeland, H. J., Gaboury, I., Gilbert, D., Greenan, B. J. W., Ouellet, M., Ross, T., Tran, A., Dong, M., Liu, Z., Xu, J., Kang, K., Jo, H., Kim, S., & Park, H. Argo data 1999-2019: two million temperature-salinity profiles and subsurface velocity observations from a global array of profiling floats. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, (2020): 700, doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00700.In the past two decades, the Argo Program has collected, processed, and distributed over two million vertical profiles of temperature and salinity from the upper two kilometers of the global ocean. A similar number of subsurface velocity observations near 1,000 dbar have also been collected. This paper recounts the history of the global Argo Program, from its aspiration arising out of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment, to the development and implementation of its instrumentation and telecommunication systems, and the various technical problems encountered. We describe the Argo data system and its quality control procedures, and the gradual changes in the vertical resolution and spatial coverage of Argo data from 1999 to 2019. The accuracies of the float data have been assessed by comparison with high-quality shipboard measurements, and are concluded to be 0.002°C for temperature, 2.4 dbar for pressure, and 0.01 PSS-78 for salinity, after delayed-mode adjustments. Finally, the challenges faced by the vision of an expanding Argo Program beyond 2020 are discussed.AW, SR, and other scientists at the University of Washington (UW) were supported by the US Argo Program through the NOAA Grant NA15OAR4320063 to the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) at the UW. SW and other scientists at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) were supported by the US Argo Program through the NOAA Grant NA19OAR4320074 (CINAR/WHOI Argo). The Scripps Institution of Oceanography's role in Argo was supported by the US Argo Program through the NOAA Grant NA15OAR4320071 (CIMEC). Euro-Argo scientists were supported by the Monitoring the Oceans and Climate Change with Argo (MOCCA) project, under the Grant Agreement EASME/EMFF/2015/1.2.1.1/SI2.709624 for the European Commission

Influência de vórtices na concentração de clorofila da confluência Brasil-Malvinas: Mecanismos inferidos por sensoriamento remoto

This study aims to (a) identify the spatial patterns in the surface phytoplankton abundance, here indexed as satellite chlorophyll-a concentration ([chla]), associated with mesoscale eddies of the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence (BMC) and (b) infer which are the physical mechanisms responsible for such patterns. In this work, the 57 largest eddies in the broad BMC region were selected from a global eddy dataset based on merged satellite altimetry data. Using those eddies, the main mechanisms which may eddies affect the [chla] were tested: (a) the eddy-pumping, (b) the eddy Ekman pumping and (c) the eddy advection of meridional [chla] gradients. Mean spatial chlorophyll and chlorophyll patterns associated with the selected eddies, as well as correlations between variables that describe the [chla], and its spatial anomalies (Δ[chla]), distribution and the eddies’ physical characteristics, were calculated. Positive and negative anomalies associated with cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies’ interiors, respectively, and significant inverse correlations between eddies’ amplitudes and the difference between Δ[chla] inside and outside the eddies, were found as evidence of eddy-pumping mechanism. The [chla] spatial pattern associated to the eddy advection of meridional gradients was evident in the eastern side of the features, as low (high) [chla] being advected from south (north) in anticyclonic (cyclonic) eddies. The magnitude of the difference between Δ[chla] in the east and west eddies’ hemispheres presented itself more dependent on the [chla] meridional gradient intensity than on the eddy rotational velocity. Furthermore, the non-linear parameter of the studied eddies suggest that BCM eddies are capable to transport the water parcels trapped inside them, helping in the propagation of the eddy-pumping signature

D8.3 Report on strategy for shelf-open ocean boundaries monitoring in collaboration with other ERICs and research communities

<p>This deliverable is a report to provide information and recommendations on the monitoring strategy of Argo in transitional areas between the coastal shelf seas and the open ocean zone taking into account the collaboration framework of Euro-Argo ERIC with other Marine RIs and research communities.</p&gt