Effect of augmented distributed generation in distribution networks

This paper aims to study the effect of augmented Distributed Generation (DG) penetration in the basic indices of the distribution network (voltage, angle, power flow, thermal fatigue of cables). For this purpose, a realistic expansion of an existing distribution grid is considered, after looking up theoretically the basic principles of distribution grids and DGs. The case study grid is analyzed as to its basic indices depending on the level of penetration of distributed generation so as to find the necessary but also the optimal penetration. Subsequently, for every different penetration level, the key indices of the grid are discussed and it is estimated whether this specific level is technically sufficient. The optimum penetration level as well as Distributed Energy Resources (DER) hosting capacity is also discussed

Effects of Carbon Taxation, Distributed Generation and Electricity Storage Technologies on a Microgrid

AbstractDistributed generation along with combined heat and power production and electricity stora e technologies can offer important benefits from economic but also environmental point of view. Carbon taxation has a serious impact on the function of a Microgrid. This analysis uses the Distributed Energy Resources – Customer Adoption Model to meet the annual load of an existing hotel in Athens choosing the optimal combination of installed technol gies and their operating schedule. The installation of reciprocating engines and lead acid batteries contributes to a cost saving up to 25% and a eduction in carbon emissions up to 10%, using a realistic carbon tax and under ideal circumstances. Various scenarios with different carbon taxes and available technologies were executed. The installation of photovoltaic systems appears more economical when the carbon tax increases significantly

Assessment of flexibility options in electric power systems based on maturity, environmental impact and barriers using Fuzzy Logic method and Analytic Hierarchy Process

The rapid integration of variable renewable energy sources (vRES) in conjunction with the reduction of coal-fired power plants increase the need for flexibility in electric power systems. In a previous research paper, twenty-three (23) flexibility options were assessed, based on their technical and economic characteristics, using Fuzzy Logic (FL) method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Through this research paper the same Flexibility Options (FO) are assessed based on their maturity level, their environmental impact and the technical, economic, social and political/regulatory barriers they encounter in their deployment in Greece, using again FL and AHP methods. Data concerning maturity level and environmental impact are obtained through literature review while data concerning barriers are collected through a survey of energy expert’s opinions. In both methods (FL and AHP), Demand Response from Large Industrial Plants (DRLIP) is ranked 1st among the flexibility options having FSI 0.745 and GPV 0.483 while variable Renewable Energy Power Plants (vRE) and Biogas Power Plants (BGPP) are ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively. On the contrary, Power to Gas (PtG) is ranked 23rd (lowest in rank) using FL method and 22nd using AHP method. The results of the research are very important for the policymakers as they can identify in which sectors (commercial, environmental, technical, economic, social etc.) should take action in order to promote specific flexibility options according to their policy

A Review of Alternative Processes for Green Hydrogen Production Focused on Generating Hydrogen from Biomass

Hydrogen plays a leading role in achieving a future with net zero greenhouse gas emissions. The present challenge is producing green hydrogen to cover the fuel demands of transportation and industry to gain independence from fossil fuels. This review’s goal is to critically demonstrate the existing methods of biomass treatment and assess their ability to scale up. Biomass is an excellent hydrogen carrier and biomass-derived processes are the main target for hydrogen production as they provide an innovative pathway to green hydrogen production. Comparing the existing processes, thermochemical treatment is found to be far more evolved than biological or electrochemical treatment, especially with regard to scaling prospects