Public advocacy for the Swedish forest-based bioeconomy : a social constructionist analysis of the Swedish Forest initiative

During the last decade bioeconomy has been presented as a possible solution to the decoupling of the economy’s dependence on fossil fuels. In a Swedish context, the forest sector has emerged as a significant arena of interest and the industry has been defined as a driving agent in the transition. In the light of this, efforts have been made to market the Swedish forest as an attractive resource in order to gain the attention of the public. The purpose of this study is to examine how the dominant forest actors strategically communicate the bioeconomy through the Swedish Forest initiative. Using a social constructionist perspective and a diverse set of concepts streaming from discourse analysis, semiotics and rhetoric the campaigns of the initiative could be explored. The results show that the dominant forest actors formulate a story that portrays the forest as a climate solution and further enforces production interest while neglecting environmental aspects. Additionally, the industry positions itself as essential in a transition towards a forest-based bioeconomy, while marginalizing actors with competing interests such as ENGOs and indigenous Sámi people

Intertekstuaalisuus ja tekstilajiketjut Omaishoidon tuen kriteerit -tekstissä ja sen käännöksessä

Syftet med avhandlingen har varit att undersöka Karleby stads text om stödet för närståendevård Omaishoidon tuen kriteerit och dess översättning Kriterier för stöd för närståendevård i Karleby, och klargöra hurdan intertextualitet och hurdana intertextuella kedjor texterna innehåller. Den första analysdelen fokuserar på att precisera vilka myndighetstexter källspråkstexten baserar sig på och på vilket sätt textförfattaren antyder att texten baserar sig på andra texter. Den andra analysdelen å sin sida utgår från resultaten i den första delen och undersöker om översättaren har upptäckt den intertextualitet som finns i källtexten och utnyttjat den vid översättning. Båda analysdelarna avslutas med en presentation av den intertextuella kedja som kan skönjas bakom respektive text. Min undersökning är textforskning och omfattar kvalitativa och delvis kontrastiva analysmetoder. Analysmodellen som utformats för den första analysdelen baserar sig på Vesa Heikkinens (2001) och Kaija Kuiris (1984) undersökningar kring intertextualitet och dess förekomst samt Iso Suomen Kielioppis (2008) redogörelse av olika anföringssätt. I teoridelen redogörs även de för centrala begreppen ’intertextualitet’, ’genre’ och ’intertextuella kedjor’ främst med hjälp av dessa verk. Målspråkstextens analys följer källtextanalysen till viss del, men utnyttjar närmast Svenskt lagspråk (2010) och Svenska skrivregler (2000) för analysen. Resultatet av källtextanalysen har visat att den kommunala texten innehåller en mängd hänvisningar till andra myndighetstexter och lagar. De intertextuella sambanden är dock mer dolda och beskrivande (termen kuvaileva hos Heikkinen 2001) än öppna hänvisningar, vilket gör att läsaren högst sannolikt inte inser att texten innehåller intertextualitet. Detta leder till att den intertextuella kedjan var mycket mångskiktad och komplex. Analysresultat av målspråkstexten var överraskande, eftersom jag har antagit att översättaren har upptäckt textens intertextualitet, men har fått inse att den svenska texten är en översättning av målspråkstexten och innehåller knappt någon intertextualitet. Resultatet blir också synligt i den intertextuella kedjan som inte är så komplex som hos målspråkstexten.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Rhetorische Stilmittel in Kommentaren zum Ukraine-Konflikt in der Neuen Zürcher Zeitung

Retorik, eller konsten att övertyga, utvecklades i antikens Grekland och används flitigt ännu idag. Genom att införa olika retoriska stilmedel kan skribenter effektivt öka tex-tens trovärdighet och tillförlitlighet i läsarens ögon. Syftet med denna kvalitativa avhandling är att undersöka vilka retoriska stilmedel som skribenterna använder för att förmedla sitt budskap och övertyga läsaren. Undersök-ningsmaterialet består av 14 kommentarer ur den schweiziska dagstidningen Neue Zür-cher Zeitung. Kommentarerna är skrivna av experter inom olika områden, såsom politik, kultur och samhällsvetenskap. Materialet omfattar ca 11 000 ord och texterna härstam-mar från tidningens nätsidor och behandlar krisen i Ukraina. Teoridelen utgörs av tre huvudkapitel: textsorter och -funktioner, språket i pressen och retorik. I det första kapitlet behandlas olika sätt att kategorisera texter, i det andra ges kriterier för den undersökta journalistiska textsorten, och i det sista kapitlet förklaras centrala begrepp inom retoriken och retoriska stilmedel. Analysen visade att skribenterna flitigt använder sig av olika retoriska stilmedel för att göra sin text mer övertygande. Metaforer och hänvisningar till historiska personer an-vänds speciellt ofta, och verkar framföra skribentens åsikt på ett begripligt sätt. Andra stilmedel som t.ex. retoriska frågor förekom mera sällan, och ordupprepningar förekom inte alls. Sammanlagt fanns det belägg för nio olika retoriska stilmedel i undersöknings-materialet.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for thin melanoma‐con

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92392/1/23001_ftp.pd

Efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with stage IIIB/C and IVM1a melanoma: subanalysis of the Phase III OPTiM trial

Talimogene laherparepvec is the first oncolytic immunotherapy to receive approval in Europe, the USA and Australia. In the randomized, open-label Phase III OPTiM trial (NCT00769704), talimogene laherparepvec significantly improved durable response rate (DRR) versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 436 patients with unresectable stage IIIB-IVM1c melanoma. The median overall survival (OS) was longer versus GM-CSF in patients with earlier-stage melanoma (IIIB-IVM1a). Here, we report a detailed subgroup analysis of the OPTiM study in patients with IIIB-IVM1a disease.The patients were randomized (2:1 ratio) to intralesional talimogene laherparepvec or subcutaneous GM-CSF and were evaluated for DRR, overall response rate (ORR), OS, safety, benefit-risk and numbers needed to treat. Descriptive statistics were used for subgroup comparisons.Among 249 evaluated patients with stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma, DRR was higher with talimogene laherparepvec compared with GM-CSF (25.2% versus 1.2%; P<0.0001). ORR was also higher in the talimogene laherparepvec arm (40.5% versus 2.3%; P<0.0001), and 27 patients in the talimogene laherparepvec arm had a complete response, compared with none in GM-CSF-treated patients. The incidence rates of exposure-adjusted adverse events (AE) and serious AEs were similar with both treatments.The subgroup of patients with stage IIIB, IIIC and IVM1a melanoma (57.1% of the OPTiM intent-to-treat population) derived greater benefit in DRR and ORR from talimogene laherparepvec compared with GM-CSF. Talimogene laherparepvec was well tolerated

Final analyses of OPTiM: a randomized phase III trial of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in unresectable stage III-IV melanoma.

Background Talimogene laherparepvec is an oncolytic immunotherapy approved in the US, Europe, Australia and Switzerland. We report the final planned analysis of OPTiM, a randomized open-label phase III trial in patients with unresectable stage IIIB-IVM1c melanoma.Methods Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive intratumoral talimogene laherparepvec or subcutaneous recombinant GM-CSF. In addition to overall survival (OS), durable response rate (DRR), objective response rate (ORR), complete responses (CR), and safety are also reported. All final analyses are considered to be descriptive and treatment responses were assessed by the investigators.Results Of 436 patients in the intent-to-treat population, 295 were allocated to talimogene laherparepvec and 141 to GM-CSF. Median follow-up in the final OS analysis was 49 months. Median OS was 23.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 19.5-29.6) and 18.9 months (95% CI, 16.0-23.7) in the talimogene laherparepvec and GM-CSF arms, respectively (unstratified hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.62-1.00; p = 0.0494 [descriptive]). DRR was 19.0 and 1.4% (unadjusted odds ratio, 16.6; 95% CI, 4.0-69.2; p < 0.0001); ORR was 31.5 and 6.4%. Fifty (16.9%) and 1 (0.7%) patient in the talimogene laherparepvec and GM-CSF arms, respectively, achieved CR. In talimogene laherparepvec-treated patients, median time to CR was 8.6 months; median CR duration was not reached. Among patients with a CR, 88.5% were estimated to survive at a 5-year landmark analysis. Talimogene laherparepvec efficacy was more pronounced in stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma as already described in the primary analysis. The safety reporting was consistent with the primary OPTiM analysis.Conclusions In this final planned OPTiM analysis, talimogene laherparepvec continued to result in improved longer-term efficacy versus GM-CSF and remained well tolerated. The final analysis also confirms that talimogene laherparepvec was associated with durable CRs that were associated with prolonged survival.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00769704

Efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with stage IIIB/C and IVM1a melanoma: subanalysis of the Phase III OPTiM trial

Talimogene laherparepvec is the first oncolytic immunotherapy to receive approval in Europe, the USA and Australia. In the randomized, open-label Phase III OPTiM trial ({"type":"clinical-trial","attrs":{"text":"NCT00769704","term_id":"NCT00769704"}}NCT00769704), talimogene laherparepvec significantly improved durable response rate (DRR) versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 436 patients with unresectable stage IIIB–IVM1c melanoma. The median overall survival (OS) was longer versus GM-CSF in patients with earlier-stage melanoma (IIIB–IVM1a). Here, we report a detailed subgroup analysis of the OPTiM study in patients with IIIB–IVM1a disease

Age-related endothelial dysfunction in human skeletal muscle feed arteries: the role of free radicals derived from mitochondria in the vasculature

Aim This study sought to determine the role of free radicals derived from mitochondria in the vasculature in the recognized age-related endothelial dysfunction of human skeletal muscle feed arteries (SMFAs). Methods A total of 44 SMFAs were studied with and without acute exposure to the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) blockade. The relative abundance of proteins from the electron transport chain, phosphorylated (p-) to endothelial (e) NOS ratio, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and the mitochondria-derived superoxide () levels were assessed in SMFA. Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent SMFA vasodilation was assessed in response to flow-induced shear stress, acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Results MitoQ restored endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the old to that of the young when stimulated by both flow (young: 68 ± 5; old: 25 ± 7; old + MitoQ 65 ± 9%) and ACh (young: 97 ± 4; old: 59 ± 10; old + MitoQ: 98 ± 5%), but did not alter the initially uncompromised, endothelium-independent vasodilation (SNP). Compared to the young, MitoQ in the old diminished the initially elevated mitochondria-derived levels and appeared to attenuate the breakdown of MnSOD. Furthermore, MitoQ increased the ratio of p-eNOS to NOS and the restoration of endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the old by MitoQ was ablated by NOS blockade. Conclusion This study demonstrated that MitoQ reverses age-related vascular dysfunction by what appears to be an NO-dependent mechanism in human SMFAs. These findings suggest that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may have utility in terms of counteracting the attenuated blood flow and vascular dysfunction associated with advancing age

Efficacy and safety of talimogene laherparepvec versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with stage IIIB/C and IVM1a melanoma: subanalysis of the Phase III OPTiM trial

Objectives: Talimogene laherparepvec is the first oncolytic immunotherapy to receive approval in Europe, the USA and Australia. In the randomized, open-label Phase III OPTiM trial (NCT00769704), talimogene laherparepvec significantly improved durable response rate (DRR) versus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in 436 patients with unresectable stage IIIB-IVM1c melanoma. The median overall survival (OS) was longer versus GM-CSF in patients with earlier-stage melanoma (IIIB-IVM1a). Here, we report a detailed subgroup analysis of the OPTiM study in patients with IIIB-IVM1a disease. Patients and methods: The patients were randomized (2:1 ratio) to intralesional talimogene laherparepvec or subcutaneous GM-CSF and were evaluated for DRR, overall response rate (ORR), OS, safety, benefit-risk and numbers needed to treat. Descriptive statistics were used for subgroup comparisons. Results: Among 249 evaluated patients with stage IIIB-IVM1a melanoma, DRR was higher with talimogene laherparepvec compared with GM-CSF (25.2% versus 1.2%; P < 0.0001). ORR was also higher in the talimogene laherparepvec arm (40.5% versus 2.3%; P < 0.0001), and 27 patients in the talimogene laherparepvec arm had a complete response, compared with none in GM-CSF-treated patients. The incidence rates of exposure-adjusted adverse events (AE) and serious AEs were similar with both treatments. Conclusion: The subgroup of patients with stage IIIB, IIIC and IVM1a melanoma (57.1% of the OPTiM intent-to-treat population) derived greater benefit in DRR and ORR from talimogene laherparepvec compared with GM-CSF. Talimogene laherparepvec was well tolerated

TRPV1 channels in human skeletal muscle feed arteries: implications for vascular function

New Findings What is the central question of this study? We sought to determine whether human skeletal muscle feed arteries (SFMAs) express TRPV1 channels and what role they play in modulating vascular function. What is the main finding and its importance? Human SMFAs do express functional TRPV1 channels that modulate vascular function, specifically opposing α-adrenergic receptor-mediated vasocontraction and potentiating vasorelaxation, in an endothelium-dependent manner, as evidenced by the α1-receptor-mediated responses. Thus, the vasodilatory role of TRPV1 channels, and their ligand capsaicin, could be a potential therapeutic target for improving vascular function. Additionally, given the ‘sympatholytic’ effect of TRPV1 activation and known endogenous activators (anandamide, reactive oxygen species, H+, etc.), TRPV1 channels might contribute to functional sympatholysis during exercise. To examine the role of the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) ion channel in the vascular function of human skeletal muscle feed arteries (SMFAs) and whether activation of this heat-sensitive receptor could be involved in modulating vascular function, SMFAs from 16 humans (63 ± 5 years old, range 41–89 years) were studied using wire myography with capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) and without (control). Specifically, phenylephrine (α1-adrenergic receptor agonist), dexmedetomidine (α2-adrenergic receptor agonist), ACh and sodium nitroprusside concentration–response curves were established to assess the role of TRPV1 channels in α-receptor-mediated vasocontraction as well as endothelium-dependent and -independent vasorelaxation, respectively. Compared with control conditions, capsaicin significantly attenuated maximal vasocontraction in response to phenylephrine [control, 52 ± 8% length–tensionmax (LTmax) and capsaicin, 21 ± 5%LTmax] and dexmedetomidine (control, 29 ± 12%LTmax and capsaicin, 2 ± 3%LTmax), while robustly enhancing maximal vasorelaxation with ACh (control, 78 ± 8% vasorelaxation and capsaicin, 108 ± 13% vasorelaxation) and less clearly enhancing the sodium nitroprusside response. Denudation of the endothelium greatly attenuated the maximal ACh-induced vasorelaxation equally in the control and capsaicin conditions (∼17% vasorelaxation) and abolished the attenuating effect of capsaicin on the maximal phenylephrine response (denuded + capsaicin, 61 ± 20%LTmax). Immunohistochemistry identified a relatively high density of TRPV1 channels in the endothelium compared with the smooth muscle of the SMFAs, but because of the far greater volume of smooth muscle, total TRPV1 protein content was not significantly attenuated by denudation. Thus, SMFAs ubiquitously express functional TRPV1 channels, which alter vascular function, in terms of α1-receptors, in a predominantly endothelium-dependent manner, conceivably contributing to the functional sympatholysis and unveiling a therapeutic target