Perkutana laserska dekompresija diska u psa - prikaz slučaja.

Percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) is a minimally invasive technique for treatment of lumbar disc herniation in human medicine. There is little information available concerning PLDD usage in dogs. The article describes treatment of a disc protrusion in a dog with percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD). To the authors’ knowledge the presented technique is described here for the first time in a dog with thoracolumbar disc herniation. The surgical procedure was performed in a dog with Th13-L1 disc protrusion using a photofiber device, which was inserted into the intervertebral space under C-arm control. The purpose of this report is to evaluate PLDD effectiveness in Hansen type II disc herniation in a dog.Perkutana laserska dekompresija diska (PLDD) minimalno je invazivna tehnika za liječenje hernije lumbalnog diska u humanoj medicine. Ima malo informacija o upotrebi PLDD u pasa. U članku je opisano liječenje protruzije diska perkutanom laserskom dekompresijom u psa. U ovom radu ta je tehnika prvi put opisana u psa s hernijacijom torakolumbalnog diska. Kirurški zahvat proveden je na psu s protruzijom Th13-L1 diska upotrebom aparata pomoću kojeg se laserska zraka optičkom niti uvede kroz tanku iglu u intervertebralni prostor pod rendgenskom kontrolom. Svrha je ovog izvješća procijeniti učinkovitost PLDD kod II. stupnja hernijacije po Hansenu u psa

Significance of cyclooxygenase-2 in oncogenesis

The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme catalyses the first stage of biosynthesis of prostanoids, proteins that are implicated in various physiological and pathological processes in humans and animals. The expression of COX-2 increases significantly during pathological processes accompanied by inflammation, pain and fever. Overexpression of COX-2 was determined in tumour tissues, which suggests that this enzyme participates in oncogenesis. In this paper the topics discussed are mechanisms regulating COX-2 expression, COX isoforms, their role in the body and the oncogenic mechanisms triggered by the overexpression of COX-2, including inhibition of apoptosis, intensification of neoangiogenesis, increased metastatic capacity, and weakening of the immune system. The significance of and the mechanisms by which COX-2 participates in oncogenesis have been studied intensively in recent years. The results are highly promising, and they expand our understanding of the complex processes and changes at the molecular, cellular and tissue level that promote oncogenesis and cancer progression. Notwithstanding the knowledge already gleaned, many processes and mechanisms have not yet been elucidated in human medicine and, in particular, in veterinary medicine. Further research is required to develop effective tumour diagnostic methods and treatment procedures for humans and animals

Cyclooxygenase-2 as a biomarker with diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic, and predictive relevance in small animal oncology

In canine and feline populations, the number of neoplasm cases continues to increase around the world. Attempts are being made in centres of research to identify new biomarkers that speed up and improve the quality of oncological diagnostics and therapy in human and animal tumour patients. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a promising biomarker with increasing relevance to human oncology, but as yet with less application in veterinary oncology. The expression of COX-2 increases significantly during pathological processes involving inflammation, pain or fever. It is also overexpressed in humans presenting various types of tumours and in selected types of tumours in animals, particularly in dogs. This article discusses the expression of COX-2 in canine and feline tumours, the importance of COX-2 as a biomarker with diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic and predictive relevance in oncology, and the clinical significance of inhibiting COX-2 overexpression in tumours

A Fatal Case of Acute Steroid Responsive Meningitis Arteritis in a Dog

Nine years old female boxer was evaluated for progressive tetraparesis, cranial nerve deficits, lethargy and stupor. Serum biochemistry revealed elevated liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 379 u/l, asparaginian aminotransferase (AST) 55 u/l, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 685 u/l and creatinine kinase (CK) 511 u/l, and elevated acute phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) 70 mg/ml. The cerebrospinal fluid examination revealed a mixed pleocytosis, protein content elevation (315 mg/dl) and positive Pandy reaction. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) in CSF was elevated (357 µg/ml), CRP was characteristic for a presentation period of disease (70 mg/ml). MRI examination revealed multifocal, diffused lesions in grey matter of frontal, occipital lobes. The white matter lesions were detected in cranial fossa region, thalamus, medulla oblongata and pons. The lesions were enhanced after contrast administration. Ventricular system was compressed; sediment was present in both of them. The biochemistry CSF results and MRI image were characteristic for steroid responsive meningitis arteritis (SRMA)

Evaluation of the prevalence of congenital sensorineural deafness in a population of 72 client-owned purebred white cats examined from 2007 to 2021

Abstract Background Data on sensorineural deafness (CSD) in purebred white client-owned cats is limited as most of the information on this disease entity is assured from mixed-breed experimental colonies. It is known that cats with blue irises are more predisposed to CSD having been described as a condition in which many structures in the inner ear are damaged resulting in hearing loss. Cats with CSD are born deaf or lose their hearing irreversibly within the first 4-5 weeks of life. It is important to diagnose cats with this hereditary condition in order to eliminate affected individuals from breeding. The objectives of this study were to ensure data on prevalence of CSD in a population of 72 client-owned purebred white cats in Poland according to the color of the irises and to determine if there are any predispositions with regard to CSD among different breeds of cats in which the dominant W gene is present. Results Conducted study included 72 purebred white cats from six different breeds. The prevalence of CSD in the conducted study was 16.7%, CI95 [8.9%; 23.3%]. Unilateral deafness (11.1%, CI95 [4.9%; 20.7%]) was more common than bilateral CSD (5.6%, CI95 [1.5%; 13.6%]). The studies did not show any association between sex and CSD, p = .46. No association between the blue color of irises and deafness in the studied population could be found, p = .91. When compared to the rest of the examined population, no association was found between CSD and a particular breed. Conclusions Overall prevalence of CSD regarding the examined population of purebred client-owned cats was reported as lower when compared to previous studies concerning purebred cats. Cats with blue irises are more likely to be deaf in accordance to the current state of knowledge, however in the conducted study, no significant association between the presence of blue irises and deafness in white purebred cats could be identified. In order to eliminate CSD from the population, it is necessary to conduct examinations and diagnose CSD in white cats with blue irises as well as with irises of color other than blue. Association between particular breed and CSD wasn’t identified

Magnetic resonance imaging and brainstem auditory evoked responses in the diagnosis of cerebellar cortical degeneration in american staffordshire terriers

The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) in dogs suspected of having cerebellar cortical degeneration (CCD). In the years 2009–2011, six dogs with suspected CCD were examined. Both MRI and BAER examinations revealed abnormalities in all dogs (100%). By MRI, T2-weighted midsagittal images revealed an increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) surrounding the cerebellum within the sulci of the folia in all dogs (100%). In 4 out of the 6 dogs (66.66%), cerebellar hypoplasia was more visible in the region of the dorsal cerebellar lobules. In 5 out of the 6 dogs (83.33%), the fourth ventricle was enlarged. In our studies, the brain to cerebellum ratio evaluated on the midsagittal image was 11.93%, in comparison to 14.9% in normal dogs. By BAER examination, the amplitude of the first and second waves was diminished and III–V interlatency was prolonged in 5 out of the 6 dogs (83.33%). In one out of the 6 dogs (16.67%), only the III–V interlatency was prolonged. In one dog (16.67%), somato-nervous deafness in the left ear was detected, whereas in the right ear the III–V interlatency was prolonged. MRI of the cerebellum is a reliable method for the antemortem diagnosis of CCD in American Staffordshire terriers, as is BAER examination. BAER is an objective diagnostic tool, which — along with other diagnostic modalities — can be helpful in the assessment, management and follow-up of dogs with cerebellar abiotrophy. It proved to be useful in determining the severity of neurological lesions in comparison to MRI findings, as well as in assessing the prognosis

Nebulization as complementary therapy for dogs with respiratory tract infections

Respiratory tract infections in dogs pose a significant problem and often require prolonged treatment. The effectiveness of pharmacological therapy can be improved through the administration of nebulized compounds to liquidize mucus and promote its evacuation from the respiratory tract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nebulized 0.9% NaCl in dogs with respiratory tract infections. Respiratory functions were assessed based on the results of arterial blood gas analyses, and the patients’ clinical status was determined by evaluating the severity of symptoms on a point grading scale. Inhalation of nebulized 0.9% NaCl significantly accelerated improvement in the patents’ clinical status (normalization of body temperature, decreased cough frequency, decrease/elimination of nasal and ocular discharge, improved appetite) and improved pulmonary gas exchange by reducing partial pressure and total content of carbon dioxide and increasing partial pressure and total content of oxygen in blood