Syringohydromyelia in Dogs: The Genomic Component Underlying a Complex Neurological Disease

Syringohydromyelia (SHM) is a neurological disorder characterized by the appearance of fluid-containing cavities within the spinal cord. Although SHM is thought to be under multigenic control, the molecular basis of this disease remains poorly defined. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was carried out comparing the whole genome sequences (WGS) from 12 dogs with SHM and 2 panels of 26 dogs (either older than 5 years and showing the absence of SHM or belonging to breeds not susceptible to SHM) to identify candidate genes associated with the development of SHM. Seven candidate genes were identified. Of these, five genes were determined to be involved in bone development (PLXNA2, HHAT, MBOAT2, ITGAV) and calcium homeostasis (HPCAL1). Although further validation is needed at the transcript level, it is worth highlighting the association of a possible pathogenic variant which generated a new intronic branch-site sequence in PLXNA2 (T/C, CFA7:7043294). Considering previous studies in dogs that show SHM related to craniocervical junction (CCJ) malformations, these genes can be considered good candidates for the development of this disease. This report dissects the genomic component of SHM in dogs, which paves the way for further research on this complex disease found both in canine and human species

Genetic Diversity of Five Galician (Northwestern Spain) Local Primitive Bovine Breeds Using Pedigree Records

Characterization, inventory and monitoring trends of animal genetic resources of local breeds are crucial factors for the development of conservation strategies. Using genealogical information, the genetic diversity of five Spanish local bovine breeds located in the northwest of Spain in the region of Galicia, and called in the past Morenas Gallegas (Cachena, Caldelá, Frieiresa, Limiá and Vianesa), has been analysed. The results achieved a good quality of pedigree records in terms of integrity and deepness. In spite of the low census of the five breeds, (no more or even less than one thousand animals), the strategies developed for genetic diversity conservation since the end of the last century revealed positive results. An increase of generation intervals, the use of reproductive technologies and a higher animal exchange between herds are some strategies suggested to preserve the genetic diversity of the five Galician bovine breeds analysed

Relación entre la ambliopía y el proceso de lectura

Amblyopia is the most common cause of visual loss in children and young adults. This condition limits the ability to perform activities of learning and development. Optical prescription for ametropias and a timely diagnosis can prevent this, while providing the visual conditions required for an adequate performance in school. Objective: To review the relationship between refractive and strabismic amblyopia and visual-motor and visualperceptual conditions in the reading process. Similarly, to describe visual-motor conditions and alterations in amblyopia, as well as their relationship to reading. Methodology: A literature search was conducted in databases and in texts published until 2015, in English and in Spanish, with search words such as amblyopia, reading, learning, visual-motor conditions, and visual-perceptual conditions. Conclusions: Refractive and strabismic amblyopia affect the development of visual-motor and visual-perceptual skills such as fixation, oculomotor movements, tracking and saccades, accommodation, contrast sensitivity, and, in some cases, vergences, all of them indispensable in the reading process.La ambliopía es la causa más común de pérdida visual en niños y adultos jóvenes; esta condición limita la capacidad para realizar actividades de aprendizaje y desarrollo. La prescripción óptica de las ametropías y un oportuno diagnóstico la previenen y proporcionan las condiciones visuales requeridas para un adecuado desempeño escolar. Objetivo: revisar la relación de la ambliopía refractiva y estrábica y las condiciones visomotoras y visoperceptuales en el proceso de lectura. Se presentan las condiciones y alteraciones visomotoras en la ambliopía y su relación con la lectura. Metodología: se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos e información disponible en textos hasta el 2015, en inglés y español, con palabras de búsqueda como ambliopía, lectura, aprendizaje, condiciones visomotoras, condiciones visoperceptuales. Conclusiones: las ambliopías refractiva y estrábica afectan el desarrollo de las habilidades visomotoras y visoperceptuales, como la fijación, los movimientos oculomotores, el seguimiento y las sacadas, la acomodación, la sensibilidad al contraste y, en algunos casos, las vergencias, todos estos indispensables en el proceso de lectura

El Jarama medieval

Convocatoria de Premios Nacionales de Innovación Educativa 2004, Tercer premio. Esta innovación no está publicad. El material complementario contiene: 1 libro antiguo, 1 saquito aromático, pelotas de malabares, 1 marioneta, 1 collar, 1colgante estrella, 1 cometa, cestería (cesta o posavasos), pintura de códices, las tres en raya de arcilla, fular, vidriera de cristal, vidriera de acetato, 1 códice de música, menú de la comida medieval, libro de seres mágicos, Programa 'El Jarama medieval', Programa 'El asedio a un castillo', Programa de Carnaval, Taller cultural de Escuela Infantil 'La Edad Media', Taller cultural, hiervas medicinales y trucos de botica, cuadros de arpilleraProyecto para el acercamiento del alumnado al estudio de la época medieval a través de distintos aspectos: historia, costumbres forma de vida, ocio, diferentes culturas, leyendas, debates, críticas, manifestaciones artísticas, etc. La elección del tema estuvo determinada por considerar la Edad Media una época histórica altamente didáctica y motivadora tanto para el alumnado como para el profesorado. Una época desde la que arrancan una gran variedad de oficios, tradiciones, una época donde distintas religiones y culturas convivían y que facilita su tratamiento desde todos los ámbitos y áreas curriculares que facilita la participación de toda la comunidad escolar. Se dio un enfoque a la metodología que sirviese a los alumnos para aprender gracias a la experiencia propia y avanzar en la adquisición de conocimientos a través de la utilización de los medios de comunicación e información que proporcionan las nuevas tecnologías. El propósito era que los alumnos madurasen de una forma integral, proporcionándoles aprendizajes significativos. El desarrollo de la innovación se inició con el conocimiento general de la época y con los disfraces en Carnaval, se visitó el Castillo de Coca y un parque temático de edificios representativos de la época y tuvo su mayor esplendor en el desarrollo de la Semana Cultural.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; Fax +34917748026; [email protected]

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora