The Analysis of Human Capital Building, Financial Assistance, Facilities and Infrastructure Support, Government Policy on Small Medium Enterprises Development in Rural Area Manado and Minahasa

The existence of Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) plays an important role to the economy of Indonesia. SMEs have been developed rapidly and have a significant contribution to the economic growth, national income and creating job employment. SMEs even play a powerful role during the economic crisis. In rural areas, SMEs are also related to the local economic performance. The creation and development of sustainable local businesses that generate jobs and create economic opportunities are vital for rural area in increasing income and employment. This research is designed to analyze the four proponents including human capital building, financial assistance, facilities and infrastructure support, and government policy on small medium enterprises development in rural area of Manado and Minahasa. This research is a quantitative research that associative with multiple linear regression analysis technique. The population in this study is the developed small medium enterprises in rural area of Manado and Minahasa, whereas the sample of respondents are 100 rural entrepreneurs who are owner of small medium enterprises. The result of this research shows that there is significant simultaneous and partial influence of Human Capital Building, Financial Assistance, Facilities & Infrastructure support, and government policy on small medium enterprises development in rural area of Manado and Minahasa. Therefore, to enhance the development of SMEs in rural area of Manado and Minahasa these four proponents should be considered intensively. Keywords: small medium enterprises, human capital, financial assistanc

Efficacy and safety of the six-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine in pediatrics with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria: A pooled analysis of individual patient data

Patient data from eight clinical trials were pooled and analyzed to study the efficacy and safety of the six-dose versus four-dose regimen of artemether-lumefantrine (coartemether; Coartem) in children weighing 5-25 kg. A total of 544 patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria (six-dose: 343; four-dose: 201), matched for demographic and baseline characteristics and individual coartemether doses were included in the analysis. Analysis of day 28 cure rate based on the intention-to-treat and evaluable populations yielded corrected cure rates for the six-dose regimen of 93% and 96% compared with 61% and 76%, respectively, for the four-dose regimen (P \u3c 0.0001 for both comparisons). Similarly high cure rates were achieved with the six-dose regimen in non-immune infants weighing as little as 5 kg. The six- and four-dose regimens were equally well tolerated. The main finding of this analysis is that the six-dose regimen of coartemether is safe and more efficacious than the four-dose regimen in children. Copyright © 2006 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

Carbon footprint of processed sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.): From nursery to market

The implementation of scientific studies can help to improve sustainable solutions in the agri-food sector according to current European policy. The present paper aims to evaluate the carbon footprint, according to ISO/TS 14067:2013, of 0.5 kg of sweet cherries packaged in clamshell made in polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The research assesses the supply chain, from agricultural (from nursery to dismantling) to the processing phase in firms located in the Apulia region. Results show a global warming potential over a fixed period corresponding to 100 years equal to 0.584 kg CO2eq, primarily deriving from agricultural management (0.442 kg CO2eq) and secondly from fruit processing (0.068 kg CO2eq). In the orchard phase, the main impacts derived from electricity consumed to pump groundwater used for irrigation and fertigation activities (15.84% of the total), transportation of manure (6.42% of the total), ploughing activity (4.83% of the total) and production of nitrogen fertilisers (4.28% of the total). Cherries processing in the collecting centre showed impacts from electricity consumption (5.57% of the total) and from waste deriving from damaged or non-conforming cherries (4.74% of the total). The PET clamshell production phase had an impact deriving principally from the use of PET granulate (0.0743 kg CO2eq). The study highlighted that manure administration and pruning activities contribute to decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis showed that substitution of electricity-mix deriving from the Italian national grid with a photovoltaic plant lowered GHG emissions by 19%. The present study could contribute in providing suggestions to stakeholders and scholars in reducing GHG emissions and promoting more environmentally sustainable sweet cherry production practices

Influenza dell'iniezione diretta di benzina sulle prestazioni e sulle emissioni di un motore a due tempi

L'iniezione diretta di benzina nel cilindro rappresenta attualmente per i motori ad accensione comandata una nuova possibilità per migliorarne le prestazioni, in modo particolare per quanto riguarda le emissioni di inquinanti allo scarico e il consumo di combustibile. Già si è potuto constatare che nei motori a quattro tempi i nuovi apparati di alimentazione hanno prodotto sensibili miglioramenti per quanto concerne questi aspetti, in particolare se utilizzati contestualmente alla stratificazione della carica ed ai nuovi convertitori catalitici, che presentano elevata efficienza anche con miscele magre. Anche nei motori a due tempi l'iniezione diretta è stata però utilizzata con evidenti vantaggi per quanto concerne le emissioni di idrocarburi incombusti e il consumo di carburante. Per valutare le possibilità di una tale applicazione si è installato pertanto un apparato di iniezione elettronico, di recente realizzazione, su di un motore a due tempi a carter-pompa dotato anche di un sistema di alimentazione ad iniezione indiretta che permette di effettuare un confronto in termini di emissioni e consumi. Questo nuovo apparato di iniezione diretta, grazie alle sue elevate prestazioni di ripetibilità, di qualità dei getto, di controllo della quantità di massa iniettata e della fasatura, ha permesso di ottimizzare il funzionamento dei motore per quanto riguarda la caratteristica meccanica a piena ammissione. Il confronto tra i due sistemi di alimentazione ha portato infine ad evidenziare le notevoli possibilità dei sistema di iniezione diretta nei riguardi dell'emissione di inquinanti e dei consumi