968 research outputs found
The economic and financial crisis in Europe: addressing the causes and the repercussions
The article analyses the situation facing the European economy and traces both the more fundamental and the proximate causes of the worsening crisis. It argues that European policymakers have the tools at their disposal to limit the extent and duration of the recession and proposes a package consisting of five elements: expansionary monetary policy; a coordinated fiscal stimulus; anti-deflationary wage policies; continued efforts to stabilise the financial sector; and ad hoc national measures to break negative feedback loops. Proposals are also developed for more medium-term measures to prevent crises in the future and improve Europe's ability to effectively manage its economy. The article concludes that, given the major question marks as to whether, with the current institutional structures, Europe actually will manage to put in place the required coordinated response, a 1929-scenario, while far from inevitable, remains a possibility.economic crisis; European policy-making; coordinated fiscal stimulus
A descriptive process analysis and comparison of game modifications in junior netball and basketball
The amount of time participants spend successfully engaged with skill content has been found to have a high correlation with skill learning and achievement. For children to learn motor skills it is clear that they must be provided with sufficient opportunities to exhibit skill responses, during practice and game sessions. For this to occur, activities must be designed to cater for the developmental requirements of the children, whilst maintaining high levels of active involvement for all participants. In response to these needs, basketball and netball associations have employed modifications to game structures. This study provides a descriptive analysis of junior basketball and netball settings, with a specific focus on the rates of successful motor skill engagement achieved by participants of different skill abilities, in coach directed practice sessions and game play situations. The behaviours of high and low skilled basketball and netball participants playing in modified (under 10 age) and full game designs (under 12 age), were observed and recorded, for the purpose of comparison, during four practice and four game sessions using two systematic observation instruments: (a) Revised Academic Learning Time - Physical Education/ Sport, (ALT -PE/SPORT), which measures time spent by participants in process behaviours (b) Revised Systematic Observation of Student Opportunities to Respond (SOSOR), which measures the rates of specific skill occurrence by an individual in a sport session. A high degree of success in skill performance during game and practice sessions for high and low skilled players in under 10 and 12 basketball and netball was found, indicating that the equipment and rules used in both sports suits the physical requirements of the participants, and that modifying equipment for the under 10 participants has been warranted. Despite this, greater attention must be paid to adapting rules in junior basketball and netball to promote greater equity in participation for participants of differing skill levels and in developing coach expertise in providing high levels of successful skill response opportunities during practice sessions
Survey of the diets of 50 Edinburgh families
There is no subject in modern life, apart perhaps
from the daily discussion of the vissicitudes of
war, which has evoked so much study within recent
times than that of the diets of everyday life. I can
safely state that man's interest in food has turned
from the purely primittve instinct of satisfaction in
eating and necessary bodily requirements to the present study rby analysis of food for the rightful satisfaction of eating with a view to enjoying goof health
and with necessary economy. The present day study
is borne out in the publication of at least 5,000
scientific papers yearly dealing with some aspect of
food requirements, whether as vitamin or mineral requirement,
or with a definite bearing on the influence
of food on health. Further evidence of the national
consciousness in this country in the problem of
nutrition, especially as regards the care and healthy
development of the body both in its relationship to
the individual and indirectly to the nation, was
indicated when the Prime Minister in the latter part
of 1936 appointed a Committee of the Economic Advisory
Council to promote the application in our Colonial
Empire of modern knowledge in regard to nutrition.
Although a great deal of information is available
in various forms and in various publications regarding
the amount of foodstuffs produced in and imported into
this country, relatively less has been written concerning
the amounts of the actual foodstuffs consumed.
Z feel there is still insufficient evidence available
to help us over one of the biggest problems - that
of balancing the consumption of the foods imported
with the everyday demand of the housewife. This gap
is being gradually diminished but it will take years
of patient propaganda in the education of the individual
to the realisation of what constitutes a
good healthy diet within his or her means and the
present diets of today which are directly or indirectly
the cause of the greatest proportion of the
present ill-health of the human race.
The problem is really a question of deciding what
a good health- giving diet is and how it differs from
present day diets, considering always the factor of
family income and expenditure. At present most medical
men are agreed, as far as our present day knowledge
goes, on what a good health- giving diet consists of,
but we are on less secure grounds when we consider
the diet of the individual as it is just now. A number
of publications have been brought out from time to
time and at the present time we await with interest
the results of the government's investigation into
the diet of 25,000 families at present being analysed,
but not yet published. (Ministry of Labour, London,
S.W,1. Forms CLI, CLI(Ag.) and CL4.) With a view
to studying the present day diets of a section of the
population of Edinburgh I have brought together in
the papers which follow my dietetic survey of a group
of 50 families who are under my care in an Edinburgh
general practice. The results I believe will be of
interest both as an analysis of the diets of these
50 families as purchased and as eaten. I have also
outlined the diets of some families giving the health
of these families
Newer renal efficiency tests and their value in diagnosis and prognosis
It is probable that, at the present day,
the function of no organ in the body is being investigated
by so many methods . in the course of hospital
treatment, as that of the kidney.
The large number of methods used is the
result of the fact that there is no general consensus
of opinion as to any one method being definitely
better than the others.
A great deal of work has been done, comparing
the relative values of these tests, the one
with the other, in different types of nephritis, and
in different stages of the disease.
Much investigation has also been carried
out to demonstrate how the results of these biochem-
ical tests compare with the clinical findings, such
as the presence, and severity of ha m at ura, albumin -
uria, anaemia and elevation of blood pressure.
One feels that in the multiplication of
the kidney function tests, we are getting further and
further away from the patient, and our attention is
being diverted too much from the ward towards the
laboratory.
In the following pages, it is our inten-
tion to pick out the salient points from the vast
amount of recent investigation into kidney function,
and in the light of these findings, to discuss the
various kidney function tests in daily use, and their
relative merits.
Thereafter we intend to present the records
of an investigation carried out by ourselves.
The object of the investigation has been
to correlate more closely the results of the kidney
function tests to other clinical findings recorded
simultaneously. The clinical tests used deal
chiefly with changes in the condition of the cardio-
vascular system, as indicated by the systolic and
diastolic blood pressure, the pulse pressure, and the
pulse rate.
The justification for such an investigation will be discussed later.
It is hoped that by this co- relating the
clinical findings to the kidney function, one might
be able, by the clinical findings alone, to assess
the kidney function. In this way much time- consuming
and expensive laboratory investigation might be
eliminated, without loss of efficiency, or insight
into the true condition of the patient, and the course
of his disease
Probing the Interior Environment of Carbon Nano-test-tubes
We report the filling of single walled carbon nanotubes with an electron
spin-active fullerene species where a nitroxide radical is functionalized on
the fullerene cage. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM),
optical absorption and electron spin resonance (ESR) are used to determine the
rotational behavior of the encapsulated molecules and determine the polar
nature of the nanotube interior
Less government intervention in biodiversity management: risks and opportunities
n a changing global environment, with increasing pressure on ecosystem goods and services, biodiversity conservation is likely to become increasingly important. However, with the current global financial crisis, governments are increasingly trying to stabilise economies through spending cuts aiming to reduce national deficits. Within such an economic climate, the devolution of governance through public participation is an intrinsically appealing concept. We outline a number of challenges that explain why increased participation in biodiversity management has been and may continue to be problematic. Using as a case study the local stakeholder-driven Moray Firth Seal Management Plan in Scotland, we identify four key conditions that were crucial to the successful participatory management of a biodiversity conflict: a local champion, the emergence of a crisis point, the involvement of decision-makers, and long-term financial and institutional support. Three of the four conditions point to the role of direct government involvement, highlighting the risk of devolving responsibility for biodiversity conflict management to local communities. We argue that without an informed debate, the move towards a more participatory approach could pose a danger to hard-won policy gains in relation to public participation, biodiversity conservation and conflict management
The Great Reset
This timely and insightful collection of essays written by economists from a range of academic and policy institutes explores the subject of public investment through two avenues. The first examines public investment trends and needs in Europe, addressing the initiatives taken by European governments to tackle the COVID-19 recession and to rebuild their economies. The second identifies key domains where European public investment is needed to build a more sustainable Europe, from climate change to human capital formation. Building on the 2020 edition, The Great Reset demonstrates the value of public capital both within European countries and as a European public good, shedding light on the impact that the NextGenerationEU’s Recovery and Resilience Facility will likely have on the macroeconomic structure of the European economy. The first part of the Outlook assesses the state of public investment in Europe at large, as well as focusing on five countries (France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain) as case studies. The second part focuses on the challenges posed by the pandemic and the pillars of the NextGenerationEU investment plan, with chapters ranging from education and digitalization, to territorial cohesion and green transition. This book is a must-read for economists, policymakers, and scholars interested in the impact and recovery of European countries during a time of extensive uncertainty
The economic and financial crisis in Europe: addressing the causes and the repercussions
The article analyses the situation facing the European economy and traces both the more fundamental and the proximate causes of the worsening crisis. It argues that European policymakers have the tools at their disposal to limit the extent and duration of the recession and proposes a package consisting of five elements: expansionary monetary policy; a coordinated fiscal stimulus; anti-deflationary wage policies; continued efforts to stabilise the financial sector; and ad hoc national measures to break negative feedback loops. Proposals are also developed for more medium-term measures to prevent crises in the future and improve Europe's ability to effectively manage its economy. The article concludes that, given the major question marks as to whether, with the current institutional structures, Europe actually will manage to put in place the required coordinated response, a 1929-scenario, while far from inevitable, remains a possibility
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