Editorial: Reclaiming the professional development agenda in an age of compliance

This issue of the journal takes as is starting point a global context, which has seen certain powerful and pervasive discourses underpinning a raft of educational reforms in a number of educational settings, in particular the United Kingdom, USA, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. These reforms have, among other things, been characterised by a rhetoric of devolution accompanied, ironically, by an assertion by the state and other central agencies of control over the what (curriculum) and how (pedagogy) of teaching, often driven by a "standards" agenda. These changes have had an enormous impact on the nature of teachers' work through the implementation of managerial organisational practices and other accountability mechanisms. It can be argued that in such a context, professional development, in being yoked to a reform agenda, has become little more than induction into ideological compliance. This issue seeks to bring together the voices of educational researchers and reflective teachers who have investigated the changing nature of professional development across a range of educational settings

Resale Price Maintenance After Monsanto: A Doctrine Still at War With Itself

In this article, two enforcement officials at the Federal Trade Commission reexamine resale price maintenance in light of the Supreme Court\u27s recent decision in Monsanto Co. v. Spray-Rite Service Corp. Commissioner Calvani and Mr. Berg consider both antitrust law and economic policy in their review of the history of resale price maintenance; they point out the chronic inconsistencies to which this antitrust regime has been subject, and identify these same inconsistencies at work in Monsanto. The authors set forth three theses with respect to Monsanto: first, that the Court intimated a willingness to reconsider at some future time the per se standard of illegality for resale price maintenance; second, that the Court recognized the continuing vitality of the Colgate doctrine, which had been seriously questioned in recent years; and, third, that the Monsanto Court unsuccessfully attempted to delineate a workable evidentiary standard applicable to communications between sellers and resellers when it is alleged that such communications constitute an illegal contract, combination, or conspiracy under section one of the Sherman Act. The authors suggest that, taken together, these elements in Monsanto display a doctrine at war with itself. The authors conclude by examining the possible implications of the Monsanto decision for the future direction of the law of resale price maintenance

Re-evaluation of the factorial validity of the Revised Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2

Anxiety is one of the most frequently researched constructs in the field of sport and exercise psychology. Although there are at least 22 published scales available to measure anxiety (see Ostrow, 1996), the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2: Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) has generally been the scale of choice since its development. Given its prominence as a research tool, indeed it was described by Woodman and Hardy (2003, p.453) as having 'near sine qua non status', the CSAI-2 has naturally been the subject of considerable scrutiny of its psychometric characteristics. Several studies have now been published which have raised concerns about the factorial validity of the CSAI-2 in its English (Cox, Martens, & Russell, 2003; Lane, Sewell, Terry, Bartram, & Nesti, 1999), Greek (Tsorbatzoudis, Varkoukis, Kaissidis-Rodafinos, & Grouios, 1998), and Swedish (Lundqvist & Hassmen, in press) versions. Collectively, reevaluations of its psychometric properties have raised serious doubts about the validity of the CSAI-2 in its original form and by implication have cast a shadow over the findings of dozens of studies that have used it to measure anxiety. To address this situation, Cox et al. (2003) conducted a two-stage process using calibration and validation samples to arrive at an improved measure. Having deleted problematic items in the original CSAI-2 and having subsequently supported the factorial validity of a revised version of the measure, termed the CSAI-2R, they recommended that researchers and clinicians should in future use the revised measure in preference to the original. The purpose of the present study was to re-evaluate the factorial validity of the CSAI-2R, as recommended by Cox and colleagues. Considering the potential for the revised measure to become the new scale of choice for researchers in the sport and exercise domains, this is judged to be an important contribution to the anxiety literature

Forecasting Irish Inflation: A Composite Leading Indicator

This paper presents the results of research into the construction of a composite leading indicator of the Irish rate of inflation, as measured by the annual percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI). It follows the work of Fagan and Fell (1994) who applied the business cycle leading indicator methodology, initially established by Mitchell and Burns (1938,1946), to construct a composite leading indicator of the Irish business cycle.

Normative values for the profile of mood states for use with athletic samples

The Profile of Mood States (POMS) has been used extensively for the assessment of mood in the sport and exercise environments. The purpose of the study was to develop tables of normative values based on athletic samples. Participants (N = 2,086), comprising athletes at the international (n = 622), club (n = 628), and recreational (n = 836) levels, completed the POMS in one of three situations: pre-competition/exercise, post-competition/exercise, and away from the athletic environment. Differences between the athletic sample and existing norms were found for all mood subscales. Main effects of level of competition and situation were identified. The results support the proposition that the use of the original tables of normative values in sport and exercise environments is inappropriate

Mineralization of the stainmore depression and northern part of the askrigg block

Abstract; Pb - %n - Gu - F - Ba mineralization occurs in Carboniferous Strata in veins and associated replacement flats. Veins are most productive when of small. displacement, and in thick limestones and charts. Mineralization is especially rich near to the horizon of the Main Limestone. Faulting and therefore vein formation is controlled by basement structure especially the Stockdale Hinge Line. Bedded cherts around the eastern part of the Stockdale Line have increased competant-reactive strata thicknesses and therefore the number of productive veins. Spatial variations of mineral occurrence have been elucidated and four zones set up to describe them;- Q Zone, quartz + chalcopyrite; F Zone, fluorite ± barite + galena ± chalcopyrite + sphalerite ± witherite; P Zone, galena ± sphalerite + barite ± calcite; C Zone, copper minerals ± galena ± barite ± calcite. Parageneses etc. suggest that the Q Zone is proximal and the C Zone distal to the source. This is supported by the spatial variations of yttrium in fluorite and antimony and silver in galena. Fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures are close to 100 C in the F Zone. Leachates of quartz, fluorite, sphalerite and barite show a systematic increase of Na/K ratio towards the north and east. Very low ratios are found suggesting an evaporitic source of solutions. Primary zonations are thought to be due to a proximity mechanism, although a small contribution is possible from mixing and heterogeneous source mechanisms. Recent oxidation has affected many deposits on the watersheds producing baritic gossans with lead ore, and secondary enrichment of copper mineralization in the C Zone is thought to be Permian. The zonal pattern, trace element studies etc, may prove useful in exploration and development when conditions are suitable for reopening the orefield

Prehistoric Soapstone Procurement in Northwestern South Carolina

During 1978 and 1979 an archeological survey was conducted near Spartanburg, South Carolina in an area containing an extensive zone of soapstone deposits from which soapstone was prehistorically quarried. The study area encompassed approximately 16 km2 east of the city of Spartanburg, north of the town of Pacolet and along the Pacolet River. The study located 18 prehistoric soapstone quarries and 17 non-quarry sites. Previous soapstone research has suggested several hypothetical quarrying procedures and reduction sequences. A generalized reduction sequence model for soapstone vessel manufacture based on these suggested procedures was utilized to evaluate the data recovered during the survey. Analysis utilizing this model indicates that a reduction sequence suggested by Putnam in 1878 is the most probable sequence used at site J8SP54 in the study area. The model allows for quantitative evaluation and comparison to be made of soapstone vessel production strategies within and between any soapstone quarries. Also utilizing information from the survey, an evaluation is made of linear patterning exhibited by the soapstone quarries due to regional geologic structure. The proposition states that due to the concordant occurrence of quarried soapstone outcrops along the strike or the structural trends of local and regional rock units high probability predictions of additional quarried outcrops can be made. Finally, it is essential that in future research soapstone be treated as a linear rather than a point research

Quality characteristics of irradiated ready-to-eat meats

Sliced, ham and all-pork frankfurters were irradiated at 1.6 kGy and evaluated for color, lipid oxidation, odor, flavor, and the production of volatiles over an 8-week storage period. Irradiation processing did not affect color or lipid oxidation values for the ham or frankfurters. Irradiation processing increased off-odor scores for the ham but not for frankfurters. Off-flavor scores were not significantly different for ham but were higher in frankfurters due to irradiation processing. Dimethyl disulfide content increased as a result of irradiation in both products but decreased over the 8-week storage period.;Corned beef, roast beef, all-beef frankfurters, chicken roll, all-chicken frankfurters, turkey roll, cured turkey roll and all-turkey frankfurters were irradiated at 1.6 kGy. Each of the products were evaluated for color, odor, flavor and volatile compounds. Irradiation treatment did not significantly affect color scores for any of the products except the turkey roll. Off-odor scores increased due to irradiation processing for corned beef, roast beef, chicken roll, cured turkey roll, and turkey frankfurters. Off-flavor scores were increased by the irradiation treatment for the cured turkey roll. Irradiation processing increased the production of dimethyl disulfide for all of the products with the exception of the beef frankfurters. In addition, some of the volatiles present in the beef frankfurter spice blend were increased in the irradiated beef frankfurters.;Sliced cured ham was packaged in aerobic or vacuum atmospheres, irradiated at 0, 1.2, 2.3 and 4.5 kGy and stored for 0 and 7 days. The ham treatments were evaluated for cured color, oxidation-reduction potential and residual nitrite content. Irradiation processing decreased cured color as irradiation dose increased from 0 to 4.5 kGy as evidenced by lower a*/b* ratios and cured pigment analysis regardless of packaging atmosphere. Cured color was regenerated over time and resulted in higher a*/b* ratios on day 7 compared to day 0 for the 4.5 kGy treatment. Oxidation-reduction potential was decreased on day 0 and day 7 for the vacuum-packaged treatment that was irradiated at 4.5 kGy compared 0 kGy treatment. Residual nitrite levels were also lower for the 4.5 kGy treatment compared to non-irradiated control following irradiation

Lithic Analysis and the Discovery of Prehistoric Man-Land Relationships in the Uplands of the Big South Fork of the Tennessee Cumberland Plateau

Prehistoric man-land relationships within the uplands of the Big South Fork River valley in east-central Tennessee were studied by lithic based settlement analysis. Lithic artifact assemblages from 45 sites located within three study areas in contrasting biophysical environments were investigated. Investigations were designed to identify culturally meaningful patterning in the information content of the archaeological record and to draw inferences concerning adaptive behavior. Patterns were evaluated for the study areas, viewed holistically and synchronically, and for individual sites viewed diachronically. The analytical investigations focused on the assemblage variability present within and between the study areas and concerned variation in patterns of raw material utilization, reduction sequence technology, and technological organization. Viewed synchronically and holistically the upland surface and upland gorge study areas exhibit similar patterning for all three sources of variability. The lack of lithic resource availability appears to be the principal factor contributing to the overall similarity. Observed differences in patterns of raw material utilization can generally be explained as a function of distance from source areas and suggest seasonal movement into the area from the west throughout prehistory. Staged biface production is the predominate pattern of lithic reduction, with a bias towards middle and late production stages. Both curated and expedient patterns of technological organization are present, with curation being indicated in the upland surface areas and expedience in the gorges. This suggests that differential patterns of utilization are likely. Selection of raw material or curation of bifacial implements are also suggested. The earliest and most intensive utilization occurs during the Early Archaic period. The absence of dessication during the mid-Holocene. Light usage is indicated during the Late Archaic/Early Woodland periods followed by intensive utilization during the Middle Woodland period. Moderate utilization is indicated for the Late Woodland/Mississippian periods. There appears to have been a preference for open upland surfaces as opposed to gorge rockshelters during the Early Archaic. The reverse is suggested for the Middle Woodland. A curated pattern of technological organization is suggested for the Early Archaic with a more expedient pattern being suggested for the Middle Woodland and Late Woodland/Mississippian