Bridging the Digital Divide Were any Divides Bridged

The K-12 schools offer professional development (PD) and technology resources for teachers every year that cost schools billions of dollars. The tools provided in the PD to teachers are typically quickly forgotten, and the schools administration moves forward with other pressing issues. What if we were to look at schools several years after a PD program was implemented and the technology resources were provided to teachers, would we see any effect? This study looks at three schools that participated in a PD program that had an influx of technology resources placed in the school in 2002. The data collected demonstrates that there was a lasting effect because of the intervention. The impact of the resources provided to the schools varies in its effectiveness, but certainly there is evidence that the resources and effort originally dedicated to the schools are still apparent

Review of \u3cem\u3eContesting Development: Critical Struggles for Social Change.\u3c/em\u3e Philip McMichael, Ed. Reviewed by Andrew Gibbs.

Book review of Contesting Development: Critical Struggles for Social Change. Philip McMichael, Ed. Reviewed by Andrew Gibbs

A study of origins of volatile sulfhydryls in milk

The development of off flavors plays a very important part in the acceptance of dairy products by the consumer. The term flavor denotes a blend of complex chemical compounds. These chemical compounds are sometimes volatile under various processing procedures and on storage of product after it has been removed from its native state. It is the job of the research worker dealing with the flavor compounds to elucidate their exact chemical nature and to quantitatively express their approximate concentrations in various products. Also, the exact influence of processing techniques on the release of the volatile compounds must be determined so that steps can be taken to alter the release of the volatiles from the products as they are processed or stored. Flavor research on volatile compounds has been hampered in the past by the inadequacy of available analytical procedures, instrumentation is opening the way to investigations which will unlock the causes of certain flavor developments and provide a sound basis Now modern for control. Modern methods of processing sometimes contribute to a large extent to the development of undesirable flavor components. Perhaps in no industry is this more pronounced than in the processing of milk and milk products. Of great importance is the cooked flavor of milk which results when milk is heated to high temperatures. Some research workers believe that the cooked flavor occurs chiefly in the beta-lactoglobulin fraction of the serum proteins. Upon the denaturation by heat this protein fraction is believed to be altered by the changing of cystine to cysteine which releases a free sulfhydryl group which is thought to be the chief constituent of the cooked flavor. Research by Gould (20) and by Jackson (33) has shown, however, that the amino acids themselves can be denatured with the release of sulfhydryls. Four constituents in milk containing sulfur in their molecular structure are the amino acids, cystine, cysteine, methionine, and Vitamin B1 (thiamine). Specific experiments dealing with the volatility of sulfur from these com- pounds in milk has not been found in the literature, Therefore, the present work was undertaken to study the volatility of sulfur from these compounds at the critical\u27 or threshold temperature and slightly above this temperature. The influence of various processing temperatures of milk in a dairy plant operation on the destruction of Vitamin B| has also been investigated in this study

Don’t Bow Down

Perpetuating African ancestral customs, Mardi Gras Indians in New Orleans avoid the African American identity crises illuminated by the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance. The poetry of Langston Hughes, Claude McKay and Waring Cuney incorporate W.E.B. DuBois’ double-consciousness theory to reveal the identity issues and ancestral alienation plaguing African Americans at the turn of the twentieth-century. In comparison, unique political and social circumstances in New Orleans allowed enslaved Africans to practice their ancestral customs weekly. The preservation of this heritage fostered a black community in New Orleans rich in traditions, pride and self-conviction. The development of Mardi Gras Indian culture and the allusions to Africa in Harlem poetry reveal the power of ancestry to establish identity

Don’t Bow Down

Perpetuating African ancestral customs, Mardi Gras Indians in New Orleans avoid the African American identity crises illuminated by the poetry of the Harlem Renaissance. The poetry of Langston Hughes, Claude McKay and Waring Cuney incorporate W.E.B. DuBois’ double-consciousness theory to reveal the identity issues and ancestral alienation plaguing African Americans at the turn of the twentieth-century. In comparison, unique political and social circumstances in New Orleans allowed enslaved Africans to practice their ancestral customs weekly. The preservation of this heritage fostered a black community in New Orleans rich in traditions, pride and self-conviction. The development of Mardi Gras Indian culture and the allusions to Africa in Harlem poetry reveal the power of ancestry to establish identity

An Efficient Frequency-Independent Numerical Method for Computing the Far-Field Pattern Induced by Polygonal Obstacles

For problems of time-harmonic scattering by rational polygonal obstacles, embedding formulae express the far-field pattern induced by any incident plane wave in terms of the far-field patterns for a relatively small (frequency-independent) set of canonical incident angles. Although these remarkable formulae are exact in theory, here we demonstrate that (i) they are highly sensitive to numerical errors in practice, and (ii) direct calculation of the coefficients in these formulae may be impossible for particular sets of canonical incident angles, even in exact arithmetic. Only by overcoming these practical issues can embedding formulae provide a highly efficient approach to computing the far-field pattern induced by a large number of incident angles. Here we address challenges (i) and (ii), supporting our theory with numerical experiments. Challenge (i) is solved using techniques from computational complex analysis: we reformulate the embedding formula as a complex contour integral and prove that this is much less sensitive to numerical errors. In practice, this contour integral can be efficiently evaluated by residue calculus. Challenge (ii) is addressed using techniques from numerical linear algebra: we oversample, considering more canonical incident angles than are necessary, thus expanding the set of valid coefficient vectors. The coefficient vector can then be selected using either a least squares approach or column subset selection

Application of Genome-Wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Typing: Simple Association and Beyond

The International HapMap Project and the arrival of technologies that type more than 100,000 SNPs in a single experiment have made genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (GW-SNP) assay a realistic endeavor. This has sparked considerable debate regarding the promise of GW-SNP typing to identify genetic association in disease. As has already been shown, this approach has the potential to localize common genetic variation underlying disease risk. The data provided from this technology also lends itself to several other lines of investigation; autozygosity mapping in consanguineous families and outbred populations, direct detection of structural variation, admixture analysis, and other population genetic approaches. In this review we will discuss the potential uses and practical application of GW-SNP typing including those above and beyond simple association testing

Can local communities 'sustain' HIV/AIDS programmes? A South African example

Globally, there is a renewed interest in building the local sustainability of HIV/AIDS programmes to ensure that once funders withdraw, local communities can sustain programmes. While the ‘local sustainability assumption’ is widespread, little research has assessed this. In this article, we assess the sustainability of the Entabeni Project, a community-based intervention that sought to build women's local leadership and capacity to respond to HIV/AIDS through a group of volunteer carers, 3 years after external support was withdrawn. Overall, the sustainability of the Entabeni Project was limited. The wider social and political context undermined volunteer carers' sense that they could affect change, with little external support for them from government and NGOs, who struggled to engage with local community organizations. At the community level, some church leaders and community members recognized the important role of health volunteers, many continued to devalue the work of the carers, especially once there was no external organization to support and validate their work. Within the health volunteer group, despite extensive efforts to change dynamics, it remained dominated by a local male leader who denied others active participation while lacking the skills to meaningfully lead the project. Our case study suggests that the local-sustainability assumption is wishful thinking. Small-scale local projects are unlikely to be able to challenge the broader social and political dynamics hindering their sustainability without meaningful external support

Riding the wave into wellbeing: A qualitative evaluation of surf therapy for individuals living with acquired brain injury

Nature has long demonstrated the capacity to facilitate wellbeing. Interventions involving the natural environment such as surf therapy, are increasingly being used to facilitate aspects of wellbeing in clinical populations. However, explorations of how nature-based interventions such as surf therapy may be used to promote wellbeing in the context of neurorehabilitation are missing from the peer-reviewed literature. Here we characterize the experience of a five-week surfing intervention involving fifteen adults living with the psycho-social and cognitive sequelae of acquired brain injury. Insights were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis, which highlighted the importance of seven overarching themes, including: 1) Connection to Nature, 2) Facilitating Trust and Safety, 3) Managing and Accepting Difficult Emotions, 4) Facilitating Positive Emotion, Meaning and Purpose, 5) Building Community through Social Connection, and 6) Positive Change. Barriers and opportunities (theme 7) were also identified as components on which clinical services may be improved. We present a theoretical model for the benefits of surf therapy in people living with acquired brain injury (ABI) based on these themes and reflections on findings from the wider literature. Findings emphasise the importance of leveraging community partnerships to augment the holistic model of neurorehabilitation and potential implications for service redesign are discussed, focusing on recent developments in wellbeing science