Place Marketing and Urban Retail Agglomerations: An examination of shoppers' place attractiveness perceptions

This article approaches the perceptions of shoppers towards urban retail agglomerations from the perspective of place marketing. Acknowledging that place marketers need to be mindful of how place users can be best fulfilled, this research conceptualises the agglomeration as a place marketing site. The literature reveals the role of place users, in particular the retail customers, in the place formation process. As such, an evaluation framework proposes antecedents of (retail-related) place attractiveness in order to understand what the key drivers of this behaviour are. An empirical study is presented involving almost 500 face-to-face interviews of shoppers at the time they visit a town centre. The results show that the retail tenant mix and the atmosphere influence attractiveness most significantly. Critical reflection of the literature, with respect to the empirical findings, reveals the crucial necessity to understand and integrate the place user’ s point of view into the concept of place marketing. This research addresses a gap in the literature on place marketing, focusing on place users ’ perceptions as opposed to the dominant theme of place actor’ s strategic needs

Myocardial Ischemia with Penetrating Thoracic Trauma

Penetrating trauma is a rare cause of myocardial infarction. Our report describes a 47-year-old female who presented with a gunshot wound from a shotgun and had an ST-elevation myocardial infarction. The patient received emergent coronary angiography, which demonstrated no evidence of coronary atherosclerotic disease but did show occlusion of a marginal vessel secondary to a pellet. The patient was managed medically for the myocardial infarction without cardiac sequelae. Patients with penetrating trauma to the chest should be evaluated for myocardial ischemia. Electrocardiography, echocardiography and cardiac angiography play vital roles in evaluating these patients and helping to guide management

Overlapping and distinct expression domains of Zic2 and Zic3 during mouse gastrulation

The Zic genes are the vertebrate homologues of the Drosophila Odd-paired gene. Mutations in two of these genes are associated with human congenital genetic disorders. Mutation of human and mouse Zic2 is associated with holoprosencephaly which is caused by a defect of ventral forebrain development and mutation of human and mouse Zic3 is associated with a X-linked heterotaxy syndrome that results from a failure of left-right axis formation. The embryological role of the Zic genes in these disorders is not well understood. Here we show that both of these genes are expressed prior to and throughout gastrulation. The genes show some broad similarities in their expression domains. Both genes however are also uniquely expressed in some tissues and these unique domains correlate with regions that potentially play a role in the aetiology of the respective genetic disorders. During primitive streak stages Zic2 is expressed transiently and uniquely in the node and the head process mesendoderm. The head process is known to be required for the establishment or maintenance of the ventral forebrain, which is the region disrupted in holoprosencephaly. Zic3 is not expressed in the node during primitive streak stages but is expressed in and around the node beginning from the head fold stages of development. This expression of Zic3 correlates well with the first steps in the establishment of the left-right axis. We also examined the expression of the closely related gene, Zic1, and did not detect any transcripts in gastrulation stage embryos

An emerging and enigmatic spectral class of isolated DAe white dwarfs

Two recently discovered white dwarfs, WDJ041246.84$+$754942.26 and WDJ165335.21$-$100116.33, exhibit H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ Balmer line emission similar to stars in the emerging DAHe class, yet intriguingly have not been found to have detectable magnetic fields. These white dwarfs are assigned the spectral type DAe. We present detailed follow-up of the two known DAe stars using new time-domain spectroscopic observations and analysis of the latest photometric time-series data from TESS and ZTF. We measure the upper magnetic field strength limit of both stars as $B < 0.05$ MG. The DAe white dwarfs exhibit photometric and spectroscopic variability, where in the case of WDJ041246.84$+$754942.26 the strength of the H$\alpha$ and H$\beta$ emission cores varies in anti-phase with its photometric variability over the spin period, which is the same phase relationship seen in DAHe stars. The DAe white dwarfs closely cluster in one region of the Gaia Hertzsprung-Russell diagram together with the DAHe stars. We discuss current theories on non-magnetic and magnetic mechanisms which could explain the characteristics observed in DAe white dwarfs, but additional data are required to unambiguously determine the origin of these stars.Comment: 20 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA

Citron Kinase, a RhoA Effector, Enhances HIV-1 Virion Production by Modulating Exocytosis

RhoGTPases play important roles in the regulation of protein transport and membrane recycling. Little is known, however, about how RhoGTPases affect HIV-1 virion production, which is dependent on the endosomal sorting pathway. We report that ectopic expression of citron kinase (citron-K), a RhoA effector, preferentially enhances HIV-1 virion production. Depletion of endogenous citron-K inhibits HIV-1 virion production. Citron-N, which lacks the kinase domain, also enhances HIV-1 virion production. The leucine zipper, Rho-binding and zinc finger domains of citron-N are necessary for the enhancement activity. Citron-K also enhances murine leukemia virion production and the HIV-1 late domain is not required for the citron-K-mediated enhancement. Ectopic expression of citron-K leads to the formation of cytoplasmic structures containing citron-K and HIV-1 Gag proteins. HIV-1 and citron-K cooperatively enhance acidic endosome and lysosome compartments. Finally, citron-K promotes exocytosis of microvesicles or exosomes that co-purify with HIV-1 virions. We conclude that citron-K enhances HIV-1 virion production by stimulating the endosomal compartments and exocytosis

Knowledge acquisition and conceptual models: a cognitive analysis of the interface

cognitive analysis of the interface. In: D. Diaper and R.Winder (eds.) People an