2,401 research outputs found
A Possible Resolution of the Black Hole Information Puzzle
The problem of information loss is considered under the assumption that the
process of black hole evaporation terminates in the decay of the black hole
interior into a baby universe. We show that such theories can be decomposed
into superselection sectors labeled by eigenvalues of the third-quantized baby
universe field operator, and that scattering is unitary within each
superselection sector. This result relies crucially on the quantum-mechanical
variability of the decay time. It is further argued that the decay rate in the
black hole rest frame is necessarily proportional to , where
is the total entropy produced during the evaporation process,
entailing a very long-lived remnant.Comment: 15 pages, 3 uuencoded figures. Revised version contains some
notational simplification
Characterizing measurement-based quantum gates in quantum many-body systems using correlation functions
In measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC), local adaptive measurements
are performed on the quantum state of a lattice of qubits. Quantum gates are
associated with a particular measurement sequence, and one way of viewing MBQC
is that such a measurement sequence prepares a resource state suitable for
`gate teleportation'. We demonstrate how to quantify the performance of quantum
gates in MBQC by using correlation functions on the pre-measurement resource
state.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings paper for an invited talk at Theory
Canada 4 (2008), published in the Canadian Journal of Physic
Local unitary versus local Clifford equivalence of stabilizer and graph states
The equivalence of stabilizer states under local transformations is of
fundamental interest in understanding properties and uses of entanglement. Two
stabilizer states are equivalent under the usual stochastic local operations
and classical communication criterion if and only if they are equivalent under
local unitary (LU) operations. More surprisingly, under certain conditions, two
LU equivalent stabilizer states are also equivalent under local Clifford (LC)
operations, as was shown by Van den Nest et al. [Phys. Rev. \textbf{A71},
062323]. Here, we broaden the class of stabilizer states for which LU
equivalence implies LC equivalence () to include all
stabilizer states represented by graphs with neither cycles of length 3 nor 4.
To compare our result with Van den Nest et al.'s, we show that any stabilizer
state of distance is beyond their criterion. We then further prove
that holds for a more general class of stabilizer states
of . We also explicitly construct graphs representing
stabilizer states which are beyond their criterion: we identify all 58 graphs
with up to 11 vertices and construct graphs with () vertices
using quantum error correcting codes which have non-Clifford transversal gates.Comment: Revised version according to referee's comments. To appear in
Physical Review
Cosmological Constant, Dark Matter, and Electroweak Phase Transition
Accepting the fine tuned cosmological constant hypothesis, we have recently
proposed that this hypothesis can be tested if the dark matter freeze out
occurs at the electroweak scale and if one were to measure an anomalous shift
in the dark matter relic abundance. In this paper, we numerically compute this
relic abundance shift in the context of explicit singlet extensions of the
Standard Model and explore the properties of the phase transition which would
lead to the observationally most favorable scenario. Through the numerical
exploration, we explicitly identify a parameter space in a singlet extension of
the standard model which gives order unity observable effects. We also clarify
the notion of a temperature dependence in the vacuum energy.Comment: 58 pages, 10 figure
High-Resolution Analysis of Coronavirus Gene Expression by RNA Sequencing and Ribosome Profiling.
Members of the family Coronaviridae have the largest genomes of all RNA viruses, typically in the region of 30 kilobases. Several coronaviruses, such as Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV), are of medical importance, with high mortality rates and, in the case of SARS-CoV, significant pandemic potential. Other coronaviruses, such as Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and Avian coronavirus, are important livestock pathogens. Ribosome profiling is a technique which exploits the capacity of the translating ribosome to protect around 30 nucleotides of mRNA from ribonuclease digestion. Ribosome-protected mRNA fragments are purified, subjected to deep sequencing and mapped back to the transcriptome to give a global "snap-shot" of translation. Parallel RNA sequencing allows normalization by transcript abundance. Here we apply ribosome profiling to cells infected with Murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus, strain A59 (MHV-A59), a model coronavirus in the same genus as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. The data obtained allowed us to study the kinetics of virus transcription and translation with exquisite precision. We studied the timecourse of positive and negative-sense genomic and subgenomic viral RNA production and the relative translation efficiencies of the different virus ORFs. Virus mRNAs were not found to be translated more efficiently than host mRNAs; rather, virus translation dominates host translation at later time points due to high levels of virus transcripts. Triplet phasing of the profiling data allowed precise determination of translated reading frames and revealed several translated short open reading frames upstream of, or embedded within, known virus protein-coding regions. Ribosome pause sites were identified in the virus replicase polyprotein pp1a ORF and investigated experimentally. Contrary to expectations, ribosomes were not found to pause at the ribosomal frameshift site. To our knowledge this is the first application of ribosome profiling to an RNA virus.NI was supported by a Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (Wellcome Trust, 092334/Z/10/Z). Work in the AEF lab was funded by grants from the Wellcome Trust (088789 and 106207), the U.K. Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (BBSRC) (BB/J007072/1 and BB/J015652/1), and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No [646891]). Work in the IB laboratory was supported by the Medical Research Council (MRC) (MR/M011747/1) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) (BB/L000334/1).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from PLOS via http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.100547
Altered Topological Structure of the Brain White Matter in Maltreated Children through Topological Data Analysis
Childhood maltreatment may adversely affect brain development and
consequently influence behavioral, emotional, and psychological patterns during
adulthood. In this study, we propose an analytical pipeline for modeling the
altered topological structure of brain white matter in maltreated and typically
developing children. We perform topological data analysis (TDA) to assess the
alteration in the global topology of the brain white-matter structural
covariance network among children. We use persistent homology, an algebraic
technique in TDA, to analyze topological features in the brain covariance
networks constructed from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We develop a novel framework for statistical
inference based on the Wasserstein distance to assess the significance of the
observed topological differences. Using these methods in comparing maltreated
children to a typically developing control group, we find that maltreatment may
increase homogeneity in white matter structures and thus induce higher
correlations in the structural covariance; this is reflected in the topological
profile. Our findings strongly suggest that TDA can be a valuable framework to
model altered topological structures of the brain. The MATLAB codes and
processed data used in this study can be found at
https://github.com/laplcebeltrami/maltreated
KMT-2016-BLG-1107: A New Hollywood-Planet Close/Wide Degeneracy
We show that microlensing event KMT-2016-BLG-1107 displays a new type of
degeneracy between wide-binary and close-binary Hollywood events in which a
giant-star source envelops the planetary caustic. The planetary anomaly takes
the form of a smooth, two-day "bump" far out on the falling wing of the light
curve, which can be interpreted either as the source completely enveloping a
minor-image caustic due to a close companion with mass ratio , or
partially enveloping a major-image caustic due to a wide companion with
. The best estimates of the companion masses are both in the planetary
regime ( and ) but differ by an even larger factor than the mass ratios due to
different inferred host masses. We show that the two solutions can be
distinguished by high-resolution imaging at first light on next-generation
("30m") telescopes. We provide analytic guidance to understand the conditions
under which this new type of degeneracy can appear.Comment: 23 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A
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