Sustavna terapija raka jajnika – mehanizam djelovanja antineoplastičnh lijekova

Ovarian cancer treatment consists of surgical options and systemic antineoplastic therapy. Systemic medicamentous therapy, involves a choice of classic chemotherapy and targeted biological treatment. Cytotoxic drugs act nonspecifi cally on tumor cells, damaging also certain proportion of healthy cells in human body. Such drugs act on the basis of impact on the life cycle of cells. Some work throughout the whole cell cycle, phase nonspecifi cally, while others work somewhat more specifi cally for certain phase of cell cycle. Among cell cycle nonspecifi c antineoplastic drugs, a platinum compounds, cisplatin and carboplatin play the main role. A cell cycle phase specifi c activity is seen in a few groups of antineoplastic drugs, among which a signifi cant role in the therapy of ovarian cancer is played by taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel, camptothecin analogue topotecan, podophyllotoxin etoposide, pyrimidine antagonist gemcitabine and anthracycline doxorubicin. In the treatment of ovarian cancer a signifi cant place is also held by two biological medicines, the so-called “on targeted drugs”, VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab and PARP inhibitor olaparib.U terapiji raka jajnika koriste se metode operativnog liječenja i sustavna antineoplastična terapija. Sustavna, medikamentozna terapija, podrazumijeva izbor klasičnih kemoterapeutika, kao i ciljanu, biološku terapiju. Citotoksični lijekovi djeluju nespecifi čno na same tumorske stanice, oštećujući tako i određenu proporciju zdravih stanica u organizmu. Takvi lijekovi djeluju na temelju utjecaja na životni ciklus stanice. Neki djeluju kroz cijeli stanični ciklus, nespecifi čno za fazu, dok određeni broj tih lijekova djeluje usko specifi čno za pojedinu fazu staničnog ciklusa. Od citotoksičnih lijekova nespecifičnog djelovanja za fazu staničnog ciklusa u terapiji karcinoma jajnika temeljno mjesto zauzimaju spojevi platine, cisplatina i karboplatina. Specifično djelovanje za pojedinu fazu staničnog ciklusa ima nekoliko skupina citotoksičnih lijekova, od kojih su najistaknutiji predstavnici u terapiji raka jajnika taksani paklitaksel i docetaksel, kamptotekinski analog topotekan, podofilotoksin etopozid, pirimidinski antagonist gemcitabin te antraciklin doksorubicin. U liječenju raka jajnika značajno mjesto zauzimaju i dva biološka lijeka, tz v. ciljani lijekovi, VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab i PARP inhibitor olaparib

Sustavno liječenje karcinoma glave i vrata

Systemic therapy of head and neck carcinoma is reserved for locally advanced and metastatic disease. Concomitant use of cisplatin and irradiation is still standard protocol for treatment of locally advanced disease although immunoradiotherapy with cetuximab seems to be a good alternative with similar results. The best option for fi rst-line treatment of advanced or metastatic disease is polychemotherapy with addition of cetuximab in patients in good clinical condition. Limited options are available for second-line therapy mostly due to poor performance status of the patients. HPV-positive tumors make a special subgroup of HNSCC in which targeted therapy plays the most important role.Sustavno liječenje karcinoma glave i vrata je rezervirano za lokalno uznapredovalu i metastatsku bolest. Konkomitantna primjena cisplatine uz zračenje još uvijek predstavlja standard liječenja za lokalno uznapredovalu bolest, iako imunoradioterapija s cetuximabom predstavlja dobru alternativu sa sličnim rezultatima. Najbolja opcija za liječenje uznapredovale ili metastatske bolesti je polikemoterapija uz dodatak cetuximaba za sve bolesnike u dobrom kliničkom stanju. Mogućnosti druge linije liječenja su vrlo ograničene, najviše zbog lošeg općeg stanja bolesnika. HPV-pozitivni tumori predstavljaju posebnu podgrupu karcinoma pločastih stanica glave i vrata u kojima najvažniju ulogu igra liječenje ciljanom terapijom

Uloga medicinske sestre u praćenju bolesnika na ciljanim terapijama The role of nurses in managing patient on a target therapy

Incidencija i prevalencija onkoloških bolesnika u svakodnevnom je porastu. Istovremeno, kontunirano se povečava i broj dostupnih lijekova, indikacija, i raznolikost dijagnostičkih postupaka potrebnih za postavljanje točne dijagnoze i klasifikaciju tumora. Kod bolesnika postoji vidljivo povećanja znanja o čimbenicima bolesti, te posljedično postavljaju odgovarajuče upite zdravstvenim djeltnicima i upoznati su s recentnim metodama zdravstvene njege u onkologiji, a to bitno povečava motivaciju za uporabu najnovijih metoda liječenja maligne bolesti. Prema rezultatima recentnih studija o zdravstvenoj njezi onkoloških bolesnika saznajem kako su medicinske sestre/tehničari najznačajniji čimbenik u tijeku liječenja bolesnika s malignom bolešću. Sadržaj članka opisuje praćenje bolesnika kod koji je verificirano postojanje metastatskih karcinoma dojke, bubrega te hematoloških bolesti, a kod kojih postoji indikaicja za primjenu liječenja recentnim apsolutno indiciranim terapijama. Cilj je člankla opisati znanstveno-stručno verificirane informacije koje poboljšavaju svakodnevni rad medicinskim sestrama/ tehničarima

Plućna fibroza izazvana oksaliplatinom: prikaz slučaja

Oxaliplatin is part of the standard chemotherapy regimens for treating colorectal carcinoma. Pulmonary fibrosis is a serious but rare side effect of oxaliplatin treatment, which resulted in patient death in more than half of the reported cases. The precise pathophysiological mechanism of this phenomenon has not been clarified yet. Analysis of the reported cases strongly suggests that early diagnosis and immediate corticosteroid treatment are crucial for better prognosis. Here we report a case of pulmonary fibrosis related to the FOLFOX regimen in a patient with early colorectal carcinoma.Oksaliplatin je dio standardnih kemoterapijskih protokola za liječenje kolorektalnog karcinoma. Plućna fibroza je ozbiljna, ali rijetka nuspojava primjene oksaliplatina, koja je rezultirala smrću bolesnika u više od polovine prijavljenih slučajeva. Točan patofiziološki mehanizam nastanka ove nuspojave još nije u potpunosti razjašnjen. Analiza prijavljenih slučajeva je pokazala da su rana dijagnoza i rani početak liječenja kortikosteroidima od ključne važnosti za bolju prognozu. Ovdje prikazujemo slučaj plućne fibroze uz primjenu oksaliplatina u bolesnika s ranim kolorektalnim karcinomom

Sustavno liječenje karcinoma glave i vrata

Systemic therapy of head and neck carcinoma is reserved for locally advanced and metastatic disease. Concomitant use of cisplatin and irradiation is still standard protocol for treatment of locally advanced disease although immunoradiotherapy with cetuximab seems to be a good alternative with similar results. The best option for fi rst-line treatment of advanced or metastatic disease is polychemotherapy with addition of cetuximab in patients in good clinical condition. Limited options are available for second-line therapy mostly due to poor performance status of the patients. HPV-positive tumors make a special subgroup of HNSCC in which targeted therapy plays the most important role.Sustavno liječenje karcinoma glave i vrata je rezervirano za lokalno uznapredovalu i metastatsku bolest. Konkomitantna primjena cisplatine uz zračenje još uvijek predstavlja standard liječenja za lokalno uznapredovalu bolest, iako imunoradioterapija s cetuximabom predstavlja dobru alternativu sa sličnim rezultatima. Najbolja opcija za liječenje uznapredovale ili metastatske bolesti je polikemoterapija uz dodatak cetuximaba za sve bolesnike u dobrom kliničkom stanju. Mogućnosti druge linije liječenja su vrlo ograničene, najviše zbog lošeg općeg stanja bolesnika. HPV-pozitivni tumori predstavljaju posebnu podgrupu karcinoma pločastih stanica glave i vrata u kojima najvažniju ulogu igra liječenje ciljanom terapijom

ASSOCIATION OF BREAST CANCER SYMPTOMS WITH PATIENTS’ QUALITY OF LIFE AND DEPRESSION; A CROATIAN CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Aim: To find out which symptoms are the most associated with a breast cancer patients’ quality of life (QoL) and depression. Subjects and methods: We performed this cross-sectional study from February to April 2015 at the Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital for Tumors, Zagreb University Hospital Center "Sestre milosrdnice", Zagreb, Croatia on the sample of 147 breast cancer patients. Primary outcomes were EORTC QLQ-C30 version 3.0 Global QoL scale and Beck Depression Inventory II. Results: After the adjustment for other symptoms, sociodemographic and clinical variables, fatigue (ȕ=-0.47, P<0.001), pain (ȕ=-0.24, P=0.023), and appetite loss (ȕ=-0.18, P=0.037) were statistically significantly correlated with QoL. Fatigue was the only symptom significantly associated with depression (ȕ=0.39, P=0.006). Conclusion: Fatigue, pain, appetite loss contributes the most to the overall breast cancer patients QoL. Although correlated, fatigue and pain contribution to lower QoL is independent from each other. Future studies should investigate whether there is an interaction between fatigue and pain changes over course of treatment. Fatigue and number of children are positively, while age and treatment in daily hospital are negatively associated with depression measured by BDI-II

Sustavna terapija raka jajnika – mehanizam djelovanja antineoplastičnh lijekova

Ovarian cancer treatment consists of surgical options and systemic antineoplastic therapy. Systemic medicamentous therapy, involves a choice of classic chemotherapy and targeted biological treatment. Cytotoxic drugs act nonspecifi cally on tumor cells, damaging also certain proportion of healthy cells in human body. Such drugs act on the basis of impact on the life cycle of cells. Some work throughout the whole cell cycle, phase nonspecifi cally, while others work somewhat more specifi cally for certain phase of cell cycle. Among cell cycle nonspecifi c antineoplastic drugs, a platinum compounds, cisplatin and carboplatin play the main role. A cell cycle phase specifi c activity is seen in a few groups of antineoplastic drugs, among which a signifi cant role in the therapy of ovarian cancer is played by taxanes paclitaxel and docetaxel, camptothecin analogue topotecan, podophyllotoxin etoposide, pyrimidine antagonist gemcitabine and anthracycline doxorubicin. In the treatment of ovarian cancer a signifi cant place is also held by two biological medicines, the so-called “on targeted drugs”, VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab and PARP inhibitor olaparib.U terapiji raka jajnika koriste se metode operativnog liječenja i sustavna antineoplastična terapija. Sustavna, medikamentozna terapija, podrazumijeva izbor klasičnih kemoterapeutika, kao i ciljanu, biološku terapiju. Citotoksični lijekovi djeluju nespecifi čno na same tumorske stanice, oštećujući tako i određenu proporciju zdravih stanica u organizmu. Takvi lijekovi djeluju na temelju utjecaja na životni ciklus stanice. Neki djeluju kroz cijeli stanični ciklus, nespecifi čno za fazu, dok određeni broj tih lijekova djeluje usko specifi čno za pojedinu fazu staničnog ciklusa. Od citotoksičnih lijekova nespecifičnog djelovanja za fazu staničnog ciklusa u terapiji karcinoma jajnika temeljno mjesto zauzimaju spojevi platine, cisplatina i karboplatina. Specifično djelovanje za pojedinu fazu staničnog ciklusa ima nekoliko skupina citotoksičnih lijekova, od kojih su najistaknutiji predstavnici u terapiji raka jajnika taksani paklitaksel i docetaksel, kamptotekinski analog topotekan, podofilotoksin etopozid, pirimidinski antagonist gemcitabin te antraciklin doksorubicin. U liječenju raka jajnika značajno mjesto zauzimaju i dva biološka lijeka, tz v. ciljani lijekovi, VEGF inhibitor bevacizumab i PARP inhibitor olaparib

From Data to Software to Science with the Rubin Observatory LSST

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) dataset will dramatically alter our understanding of the Universe, from the origins of the Solar System to the nature of dark matter and dark energy. Much of this research will depend on the existence of robust, tested, and scalable algorithms, software, and services. Identifying and developing such tools ahead of time has the potential to significantly accelerate the delivery of early science from LSST. Developing these collaboratively, and making them broadly available, can enable more inclusive and equitable collaboration on LSST science. To facilitate such opportunities, a community workshop entitled "From Data to Software to Science with the Rubin Observatory LSST" was organized by the LSST Interdisciplinary Network for Collaboration and Computing (LINCC) and partners, and held at the Flatiron Institute in New York, March 28-30th 2022. The workshop included over 50 in-person attendees invited from over 300 applications. It identified seven key software areas of need: (i) scalable cross-matching and distributed joining of catalogs, (ii) robust photometric redshift determination, (iii) software for determination of selection functions, (iv) frameworks for scalable time-series analyses, (v) services for image access and reprocessing at scale, (vi) object image access (cutouts) and analysis at scale, and (vii) scalable job execution systems. This white paper summarizes the discussions of this workshop. It considers the motivating science use cases, identified cross-cutting algorithms, software, and services, their high-level technical specifications, and the principles of inclusive collaborations needed to develop them. We provide it as a useful roadmap of needs, as well as to spur action and collaboration between groups and individuals looking to develop reusable software for early LSST science.Comment: White paper from "From Data to Software to Science with the Rubin Observatory LSST" worksho

From Data to Software to Science with the Rubin Observatory LSST

editorial reviewedThe Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) dataset will dramatically alter our understanding of the Universe, from the origins of the Solar System to the nature of dark matter and dark energy. Much of this research will depend on the existence of robust, tested, and scalable algorithms, software, and services. Identifying and developing such tools ahead of time has the potential to significantly accelerate the delivery of early science from LSST. Developing these collaboratively, and making them broadly available, can enable more inclusive and equitable collaboration on LSST science. To facilitate such opportunities, a community workshop entitled "From Data to Software to Science with the Rubin Observatory LSST" was organized by the LSST Interdisciplinary Network for Collaboration and Computing (LINCC) and partners, and held at the Flatiron Institute in New York, March 28-30th 2022. The workshop included over 50 in-person attendees invited from over 300 applications. It identified seven key software areas of need: (i) scalable cross-matching and distributed joining of catalogs, (ii) robust photometric redshift determination, (iii) software for determination of selection functions, (iv) frameworks for scalable time-series analyses, (v) services for image access and reprocessing at scale, (vi) object image access (cutouts) and analysis at scale, and (vii) scalable job execution systems. This white paper summarizes the discussions of this workshop. It considers the motivating science use cases, identified cross-cutting algorithms, software, and services, their high-level technical specifications, and the principles of inclusive collaborations needed to develop them. We provide it as a useful roadmap of needs, as well as to spur action and collaboration between groups and individuals looking to develop reusable software for early LSST science