Dolina Triglavskih jezer

In 1924, the Triglav Lakes Valley was designated a protected area, which is today part of the central area of extensive Triglav National Park. The lakes give a special character to the valley, which also stands out for its other natural features. In terms of nonliving nature, this volume presents some of the valley’s geological, geomorphological, and hydrological characteristics, and, in terms of living nature, it presents its vegetation, focusing on botanical characteristics and forest. The volume also discusses the human presence and its impact on the appearance of the landscape.Leta 1924 je bilo v Dolini Triglavskih jezer vzpostavljeno zavarovano območje. Danes je del osrednjega dela obsežnejšega Triglavskega narodnega parka. Dolini dajejo poseben pečat jezera, izstopa pa tudi po drugih naravnih posebnostih. V okviru nežive narave so v knjigi predstavljene nekatere njene geološke, reliefne in vodne značilnosti, v okviru žive narave pa rastje, s poudarkom na botaničnih značilnostih in gozdu. Knjiga predstavlja tudi človekovo prisotnost in njegov vpliv na videz pokrajine

ROC curve with AUC for urine IgG to albumin ratio at the time of diagnosis.

<p>ROC curve with AUC for urine IgG to albumin ratio at the time of diagnosis.</p

Mean urine protein to creatinine ratio in responders (R) and non-responders (NR) in time.

<p>Mean urine protein to creatinine ratio in responders (R) and non-responders (NR) in time.</p

Mean of NAG to creatinine ratio in responders (R) and non-responders (NR) in time.

<p>Mean of NAG to creatinine ratio in responders (R) and non-responders (NR) in time.</p

Mean urine IgG to albumin ratio in responders (R) and non-responders (NR) in time.

<p>Mean urine IgG to albumin ratio in responders (R) and non-responders (NR) in time.</p

ROC curve with AUC for urine NAG to creatinine ratio at the time of diagnosis.

<p>ROC curve with AUC for urine NAG to creatinine ratio at the time of diagnosis.</p

An Anti-Phospholipase A₂ Receptor Quantitative Immunoassay and Epitope Analysis in Membranous Nephropathy Reveals Different Antigenic Domains of the Receptor

<div><p>The phospholipase A₂ receptor (PLA₂R) was recently discovered as a target autoantigen in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). Published evidence suggests that the autoantibodies directed towards a conformation dependent epitope are currently effectively detected by a cell based assay (CBA) utilizing indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on tissue culture cells transfected with the PLA₂R cDNA. Limitations of such IIF-CBA assays include observer dependent subjective evaluation of semi-quantitative test results and the protocols are not amenable to high throughput diagnostic testing. We developed a quantitative, observer independent, high throughput capture immunoassay for detecting PLA₂R autoantibodies on an addressable laser bead immunoassay (ALBIA) platform. Since reactive domains of PLA₂R (i.e. epitopes) could be used to improve diagnostic tests by using small peptides in various high throughput diagnostic platforms, we identified PLA₂R epitopes that bound autoantibodies of IMN patients. These studies confirmed that inter-molecular epitope spreading occurs in IMN but use of the cognate synthetic peptides in immunoassays was unable to conclusively distinguish between IMN patients and normal controls. However, combinations of these peptides were able to effectively absorb anti-PLA₂R reactivity in IIF-CBA and an immunoassay that employed a lysate derived from HEK cells tranfected with and overexpressing PLA₂R. While we provide evidence of intermolecular epitope spreading, our data indicates that in addition to conformational epitopes, human anti-PLA₂R reactivity in a commercially available CBA and an addressable laser bead immunoassay is significantly absorbed by peptides representing epitopes of PLA₂R.</p></div

Amino Acid Sequences of Consensus PLA₂R Epitopes Identified by SPOT.

<p>Amino Acid Sequences of Consensus PLA₂R Epitopes Identified by SPOT.</p

PLA₂R schematic plot of the seven potential antigen determinants identified by epitope mapping.

<p>All of the determinants identified by epitope mapping were located in the extracellular domain of PLA₂R and are ∼10 to 25 aa long. Only one epitope is not in the C-type lectin like domains of the receptor. <i>[C-R,cysteine-rich region; FNII, fibronectin type II domain; CTLDs, C-type lectin like domains; N, N-terminal end; C, C-terminal end].</i></p