Epinephrine Affects Ribosomes, Cell Division, and Catabolic Processes in <i>Micrococcus luteus</i> Skin Strain C01: Revelation of the Conditionally Extensive Hormone Effect Using Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Analysis

In the current study, extensive Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis was conducted for skin strain Micrococcus luteus C01 planktonic cultures and biofilms after 24 h and 72 h of incubation either in the presence of epinephrine or without any implementations. The investigation revealed the complex and conditionally extensive effect of epinephrine at concentrations closer to normal blood plasma concentrations on both planktonic cultures and biofilms of skin strain M. luteus C01. The concentrations of hundreds of proteins changed during the shift from planktonic growth mode to biofilm and hundreds of proteins were downregulated or upregulated in the presence of epinephrine. Ribosomal, TCA, and cell division proteins appear to be the most altered in their amounts in the presence of the hormone. Potentially, the regulatory mechanism of this process is connected with c-di-GMP and histidine kinases, which were affected by epinephrine in different samples. The phenomenon of epinephrine-based biofilm regulation in M. luteus C01 has wide implications for microbial endocrinology and other research areas

Use of Polyguanidine-Derivatives-Based Biocides for Microbial Growth Inhibition and for the Development of A Novel Polyethylene-Based Composite Material Resistant to the Formation of Multispecies Microbial Biofilms

This study aimed to investigate the dependence of the biocidal activity of polyguanidine (co)polymers on their structure during the formation of biofilms by active PE-degrading cultures of model microorganisms. The Bc-2 copolymer of methacryloyl guanidine hydrochloride (MGHC) and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC), which suppressed both the formation of biofilms and the growth of planktonic cultures, exhibited the highest activity. When PE was exposed in tropical soil, the composition of the microbial community on the PE surface differed significantly from that of the community in the surrounding soil. In particular, the proportion of Actinobacteria increased from 7% to 29%, while the proportion of Bacteroidetes decreased from 38% to 8%. Keywords: biofilms, polyhexamethylene guanidine salts, dynamics of biofilm formation, antibiofilm effect, composite material

Table_2_Epinephrine extensively changes the biofilm matrix composition in Micrococcus luteus C01 isolated from human skin.docx

The importance of the impact of human hormones on commensal microbiota and microbial biofilms is established in lots of studies. In the present investigation, we continued and extended the research of epinephrine effects on the skin commensal Micrococcus luteus C01 and its biofilms, and also the matrix changes during the biofilm growth. Epinephrine in concentration 4.9 × 10–9 M which is close to normal blood plasma level increased the amount of polysaccharides and extracellular DNA in the matrix, changed extensively its protein, lipid and polysaccharide composition. The Ef-Tu factor was one of the most abundant proteins in the matrix and its amount increased in the presence of the hormone. One of the glucose-mannose polysaccharide was absent in the matrix in presence of epinephrine after 24 h of incubation. The matrix phospholipids were also eradicated by the addition of the hormone. Hence, epinephrine has a great impact on the M. luteus biofilms and their matrix composition, and this fact opens wide perspectives for the future research.</p

Table_1_Epinephrine extensively changes the biofilm matrix composition in Micrococcus luteus C01 isolated from human skin.DOCX

The importance of the impact of human hormones on commensal microbiota and microbial biofilms is established in lots of studies. In the present investigation, we continued and extended the research of epinephrine effects on the skin commensal Micrococcus luteus C01 and its biofilms, and also the matrix changes during the biofilm growth. Epinephrine in concentration 4.9 × 10–9 M which is close to normal blood plasma level increased the amount of polysaccharides and extracellular DNA in the matrix, changed extensively its protein, lipid and polysaccharide composition. The Ef-Tu factor was one of the most abundant proteins in the matrix and its amount increased in the presence of the hormone. One of the glucose-mannose polysaccharide was absent in the matrix in presence of epinephrine after 24 h of incubation. The matrix phospholipids were also eradicated by the addition of the hormone. Hence, epinephrine has a great impact on the M. luteus biofilms and their matrix composition, and this fact opens wide perspectives for the future research.</p

Table_3_Epinephrine extensively changes the biofilm matrix composition in Micrococcus luteus C01 isolated from human skin.docx

The importance of the impact of human hormones on commensal microbiota and microbial biofilms is established in lots of studies. In the present investigation, we continued and extended the research of epinephrine effects on the skin commensal Micrococcus luteus C01 and its biofilms, and also the matrix changes during the biofilm growth. Epinephrine in concentration 4.9 × 10–9 M which is close to normal blood plasma level increased the amount of polysaccharides and extracellular DNA in the matrix, changed extensively its protein, lipid and polysaccharide composition. The Ef-Tu factor was one of the most abundant proteins in the matrix and its amount increased in the presence of the hormone. One of the glucose-mannose polysaccharide was absent in the matrix in presence of epinephrine after 24 h of incubation. The matrix phospholipids were also eradicated by the addition of the hormone. Hence, epinephrine has a great impact on the M. luteus biofilms and their matrix composition, and this fact opens wide perspectives for the future research.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Epinephrine extensively changes the biofilm matrix composition in Micrococcus luteus C01 isolated from human skin.DOCX

The importance of the impact of human hormones on commensal microbiota and microbial biofilms is established in lots of studies. In the present investigation, we continued and extended the research of epinephrine effects on the skin commensal Micrococcus luteus C01 and its biofilms, and also the matrix changes during the biofilm growth. Epinephrine in concentration 4.9 × 10–9 M which is close to normal blood plasma level increased the amount of polysaccharides and extracellular DNA in the matrix, changed extensively its protein, lipid and polysaccharide composition. The Ef-Tu factor was one of the most abundant proteins in the matrix and its amount increased in the presence of the hormone. One of the glucose-mannose polysaccharide was absent in the matrix in presence of epinephrine after 24 h of incubation. The matrix phospholipids were also eradicated by the addition of the hormone. Hence, epinephrine has a great impact on the M. luteus biofilms and their matrix composition, and this fact opens wide perspectives for the future research.</p