The role of periodontal ligament elasticity in periodontal changes – numerical simulation

The clinical applications of oral mucosal biomechanics are particularly important in determining how stimulation can be performed for tissue remodeling, in understanding the level of pressure that can be applied to the painful threshold, in osseous resorption, and the availability of tissue movement. This study shows, through the finite element, the way in which the periodontal ligament behaves at the level of all dental surfaces in nonlinear model and 3 levels of alveolar bone retraction (0 %, 50%, 75%). From the point of view of geometric construction, each model consists of 3 independent components: the alveolar bone, the periodontal ligament (PL) and the tooth. The deformities on the lingual surface are very small compared to the other surfaces. The deformity increases progressively with the loss of the supporting bone. From a physiological point of view, the nonlinear model is much closer to reality because it simulates the reaction of the tissue to its immediate loading by a very low rigidity after which, due to the hydrostatic pressure created in the interstitial fluid, the value of tissue rigidity increases exponentially

Artrodeza primară sau reducerea deschisă și osteosinteza fracturilor de pilon tibial cu cominuție severă

Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nicolae Testemitanu SUMPhBackground. The management of the comminuted fractures of distal tibia resulting after high-energy trauma is challenging. The soft tissues condition dictate almost the surgery timing. Although surgical treatment have improve over time to spare soft tissues, the rate of postoperative complications is high. Objective of the study. The aim of this study is to assess the results of primary arthrodesis and ORIF of the pilon tibiale fractures. Material and Methods. A PubMed search was performed using the combination of words “primary arthrodesis pilon fractures”. Results. The search results were 25 articles. Six articles were excluded due to content. In the studies were analyzed the rate of union, infection, foot alignment, pain and AOFAS ankle score of the patients with severly comminuted pilon fractures. In the majority of articles the authors present a high union and low wound complication rates. The AOFAS ankle score fits within excellent or good. Radiographic and clinical analysis confirmed a plantigrade foot without malalignment. But some authors demonstrated a satisfactory outcome following primary open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture in appropriately selected patients. Conclusion. Primary ankle arthrodesis is an option for nonreconstructible pilon fractures with soft tissue damage in patients with delay in treatment and poor healing potential. The ideal treatment for this fractures remains controversial.Introducere. Managementul fracturilor cominutive ale tibiei distale rezultate în urma traumatismelor cu energie mare este provocator. Țesuturile moi dictează de cele mai multe ori momentul operației. Deși tratamentul chirurgical s-a îmbunătățit în timp, rata complicațiilor postoperatorii este mare. Scopul lucrării. Obiectivul acestui studiu este evaluarea rezultatelor artrodezei primare și osteosintezei fracturilor de pilon tibial. Material și Metode. S-a efectuat o căutare pe PubMed, folosind combinația de cuvinte „primary arthrodesis pilon fractures”. Rezultate. În rezultatul căutării am depistat 25 articole. Șase articole au fost excluse din cauza conținutului. În studiu au fost analizate rata consolidării, infecțiilor, poziția piciorului, durerea și scorul AOFAS al gleznei la pacienții cu fracturi de pilon cu cominuție severă. În majoritatea articolelor autorii prezintă o rată înaltă de consolidare și o rată mică de complicații ale țesuturilor moi, scorul AOFAS încadrându-se între excelent și bine. Analiza radiologică și clinică a confirmat poziția corectă a piciorului. Însă unii autori au prezentat rezultate satisfăcătoare în urma reducerii deschise și fixării interne a fracturii de pilon la anumiți pacienți. Concluzii. Artrodeza primară a gleznei este o opțiune în cazul pacienților cu fracturi de pilon tibial nereconstructibile și cu leziuni ale țesuturilor moi la care se amână tratamentul și au un potențial scăzut de vindecare. Tratamentul ideal pentru acest tip de fracturi rămâne controversat

Utilitatea potenţială a profilurilor metilice ale ADN pentru procesul de promovare a markerilor molecularepigenetici în diagnosticul diferenţial al leucemiilor acute

În cadrul studiului dat au fost obţinute date preliminare privind ponderea grupurilor de pacienţi cu diferite subtipuri de leucemii acute în lotul specifi c de profi l metilic ADN. Am conchis că moleculele nemetilate de ADN, la nivelul promotorului genei p15, prezintă potenţial de marker molecular-epigenetic al leucemiei acute monoblastice la om. Pentru prelucrarea statistică a datelor a fost utilizat testul „U-Fisher”, iar valoarea p≤0,1 a fost interpretată ca tendinţă statistică а diferenţelor dintre grupurile comparate

Ferroptosis Involvement in Glioblastoma Treatment

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest brain tumors. Current standard therapy includes tumor resection surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Due to the tumors invasive nature, recurrences are almost a certainty, giving the patients after diagnosis only a 12–15 months average survival time. Therefore, there is a dire need of finding new therapies that could potentially improve patient outcomes. Ferroptosis is a newly described form of cell death with several implications in cancer, among which GBM. Agents that target different molecules involved in ferroptosis and that stimulate this process have been described as potentially adjuvant anti-cancer treatment options. In GBM, ferroptosis stimulation inhibits tumor growth, improves patient survival, and increases the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding ferroptosis modulation in GBM

An Insight into the microRNAs Associated with Arteriovenous and Cavernous Malformations of the Brain

Background: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are rare developmental anomalies of the intracranial vasculature, with an irregular tendency to rupture, and as of yet incompletely deciphered pathophysiology. Because of their variety in location, morphology, and size, as well as unpredictable natural history, they represent a management challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are strands of non-coding RNA of around 20 nucleotides that are able to modulate the expression of target genes by binding completely or partially to their respective complementary sequences. Recent breakthroughs have been made on elucidating their contribution to BAVM and CCM occurrence, growth, and evolution; however, there are still countless gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms involved. Methods: We have searched the Medline (PubMed; PubMed Central) database for pertinent articles on miRNAs and their putative implications in BAVMs and CCMs. To this purpose, we employed various permutations of the terms and idioms: ‘arteriovenous malformation’, ‘AVM’, and ‘BAVM’, or ‘cavernous malformation’, ‘cavernoma’, and ‘cavernous angioma’ on the one hand; and ‘microRNA’, ‘miRNA’, and ‘miR’ on the other. Using cross-reference search; we then investigated additional articles concerning the individual miRNAs identified in other cerebral diseases. Results: Seven miRNAs were discovered to play a role in BAVMs, three of which were downregulated (miR-18a, miR-137, and miR-195*) and four upregulated (miR-7-5p, miR-199a-5p, miR-200b-3p, and let-7b-3p). Similarly, eight miRNAs were identified in CCM in humans and experimental animal models, two being upregulated (miR-27a and mmu-miR-3472a), and six downregulated (miR-125a, miR-361-5p, miR-370-3p, miR-181a-2-3p, miR-95-3p, and let-7b-3p). Conclusions: The following literature review endeavored to address the recent discoveries related to the various implications of miRNAs in the formation and growth of BAVMs and CCMs. Additionally, by presenting other cerebral pathologies correlated with these miRNAs, it aimed to emphasize the potential directions of upcoming research and biological therapies

Cardiac Toxicity Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are an important advancement in the field of cancer treatment, significantly improving the survival of patients with a series of advanced malignancies, like melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and Hodgkin lymphoma. ICIs act upon T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells, targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), breaking the immune tolerance of the T cells against malignant cells and enhancing the body’s own immune response. A variety of cardiac-adverse effects are associated with ICI-based treatment, including pericarditis, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and acute coronary syndrome, with myocarditis being the most studied due to its often-unexpected onset and severity. Overall, Myocarditis is rare but presents an immune-related adverse event (irAE) that has a high fatality rate. Considering the rising number of oncological patients treated with ICIs and the severity of their potential adverse effects, a good understanding and continuous investigation of cardiac irAEs is of the utmost importance. This systematic review aimed to revise recent publications (between 2016–2022) on ICI-induced cardiac toxicities and highlight the therapeutical approach and evolution in the selected cases