New inversion methods for the Lorentz Integral Transform

The Lorentz Integral Transform approach allows microscopic calculations of electromagnetic reaction cross sections without explicit knowledge of final state wave functions. The necessary inversion of the transform has to be treated with great care, since it constitutes a so-called ill-posed problem. In this work new inversion techniques for the Lorentz Integral Transform are introduced. It is shown that they all contain a regularization scheme, which is necessary to overcome the ill-posed problem. In addition it is illustrated that the new techniques have a much broader range of application than the present standard inversion method of the Lorentz Integral Transform.Comment: 12 pages. 12 figures, revtex4. submitted to Eur.Phys.J.

Ab initio calculation of the 4He(e,e'd)d reaction

The two-body knock-out reaction 4He(e,e'd)d is calculated at various momentum transfers. The full four-nucleon dynamics is taken into account microscopically both in the initial and the final states. As NN interaction the central MT-I/III potential is used. The calculation shows a strong reduction of the coincidence cross section due to the final state interaction. Nonetheless the theoretical results exhibit a considerable overestimation of the experimental cross section at lower momentum transfer. Comparisons with other, less complete, calculations suggest that consideration of a more realistic ground state might not be sufficient for a good agreement with experiment, rather a more realistic final state interaction could play an essential role.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

On the ill-posed character of the Lorentz integral transform

An exact inversion formula for the Lorentz integral transform (LIT) is provided together with the spectrum of the LIT kernel. The exponential increase of the inverse Fourier transform of the LIT kernel entering the inversion formula explains the ill-posed character of the LIT approach. Also the continuous spectrum of the LIT kernel, which approaches zero points necessarily to the same defect. A possible cure is discussed and numerically illustrated.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figure

The soybean (Soja hispida, Moench) its chemical composition and caloric value

Analisamos cinco amostras de sementes de feijão soja, de diversas procedências e, calculamos o seu valor calórico. Todos os resultados estão contidos nos quadros I e II.We have analysed five samples of soybean, from differents proveniences and determined their caloric value. All dates are in the table I and II. We have noted that our soybean are richer in oil, protein and phosphorus then the american soybean

Estudo preliminar sobre a aplicabilidade do método dos indicadores - óxido crômico e lignina - para a avaliação da digestabilidade aparente no coelho

Using the Silver Marten strain of two-month-old rabbits study was carried out upon the applicability o f chromic oxide and lignin methods' in determining the digestibility of a commercial ration (Dog Meal). The chromic oxide and lignin methods in amounts of 0.5% and 1.3%, respectively, on a dry matter basis, checked by the conventional method, showed statistically no significant differences for all the nutrients except for the cellulose nutrient (P 0.05) in the chromic oxide method. However, it was found that the results of the lignin method were higher in relation to both other ones and that the chromic oxide method disclosed the lowest values. Further, recovery tests referring to both methods were discussed in order to explain the data obtained in this study.O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês

Valor energético das forragens milho

O artigo não apresenta resumo

Método para avaliação de conforto térmico em região de clima quente e úmido do Brasil

Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2009Atualmente para a avaliação de conforto térmico no ambiente construído é recomendada a aplicação do modelo Fanger ou VMP/PPD, normalizado pela ISO7730. Tal modelo baseia-se no princípio físico do balanço térmico entre o homem e o ambiente, que leva em conta a relação entre as sensações térmicas experimentadas pelas pessoas e a carga térmica que atua sobre seus corpos, essa última definida como a diferença entre a produção interna de calor do corpo - representada pela taxa metabólica - e os mecanismos fisiológicos de transferência desse calor para o ambiente. Ocorre que esse modelo foi desenvolvido a partir de experimento realizado em câmara climatizada, com as variáveis climáticas controladas pelo pesquisador, diferentemente da realidade de campo. Isso tem permitido que com freqüência haja discrepâncias entre as sensações indicadas pelas pessoas e a indicada pelo referido modelo. Essas discrepâncias são observadas em várias regiões do mundo, inclusive no Brasil, conforme relatado nos nossos poucos trabalhos já desenvolvidos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo principal desta tese foi estabelecer modelo alternativo para a avaliação de conforto térmico em ambientes internos de edificações localizadas em região de clima quente do Brasil, com pessoas desenvolvendo atividade sedentária, a partir de dados levantados em 3 ambientes ventilados naturalmente e outro artificialmente climatizado. Para tanto, o modelo resultante empregou dados obtidos a partir de equipamentos de fácil utilização, correntemente encontrados no mercado regional e que não fossem financeiramente dispendiosos. Além disso, aplicou os conceitos da Bioestatística em função do forte e inquestionável componente psicológico existente na informação das sensações e preferências térmicas humanas. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa, observaram-se contradições a algumas afirmativas existentes no modelo Fanger; por exemplo, a existência no ambiente condicionado artificialmente, em alguns períodos do experimento, de diferenças significativas entre os gêneros dos voluntários. Conclusão ainda mais interessante foi a de que os votos manifestados pelos homens e mulheres no ambiente condicionado artificialmente não revelaram correlação com o índice de isolamento médio das roupas utilizadas, o que sugere novos experimentos. Da mesma forma, verificou-se a existência de diferenças entre as avaliações térmicas manifestadas pelos dois grupos de recrutas e veteranos, o que também contraria o afirmado no embasamento do modelo normalizado, em que se afirma não haverem sido encontradas diferenças significativas entre voluntários de diferentes regiões e idades.The assessment of thermal comfort in a built environment is currently performed through the application of Fanger model or PMV/PPD model, normalized by ISO7730. Such a model is based on a physical principle of thermal balance between man and the environment, which takes into account the relationship between the thermal sensations experienced by the people and the thermal load that acts upon their bodies, that is defined as the difference between the inner production of the body#s heat # represented by the metabolic rate # and the physiological transference mechanisms of heat to the environment. This model, however, was developed from an experiment conducted in acclimatized chamber with climatic variables controlled by the researcher, differently from the field reality. This has allowed frequent discrepancies between the sensations indicated by the people and that indicated by the model. These discrepancies have been observed in several regions in the world, including Brazil, as reported in the few studies developed. The main objective of this paper is to establish an alternative model to assess thermal comfort in indoor environments of buildings located in a hot region in Brazil, with people developing sedentary activities. Data were collected in one artificially acclimatized environment and in three naturally ventilated ones. In addition, the model obtained data from non costly, easyto- use equipment, currently found in the regional market. The proposed model applied biostatistics concepts because of the sound and undisputable psychological component existing in the information of human sensations and thermal preferences. During the development of the research, contradictions were observed to some affirmations in the Fanger model; for example, significant differences between the gender of the participants were seen in conditioned environment in some periods of experiment. A more interesting conclusion was that the votes manifested by males and females did not show correlation with the index of mean thermal isolation of the clothes worn, which suggests new experiments. Likewise, differences between the thermal assessments of the two groups (recruits and veterans) were seen, which also disproves the standardized model, which affirms that no significant differences were seen between voluntaries of different regions and ages. Thus, the results presented in this work should contribute to research on thermal comfort developed in Brazil. In addition to proposing an alternative model of assessment in naturally conditioned environments, they reveal new contradictions to the standardized model

Utilização do nitrogênio, cálcio e fósforo, de mistura comercial, balanceada (Dog Meal), no cão

After looking over the literature concerning the nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus retention, in various animal species, balance studies were made in dogs using a commercial ration (Dog meal). It was found that 31.3% protein, and nutritive ratio 1:2.9 (Andreasi, 1956) were satisfactory for the growth maintenance requirements of the dogs studied. Both, adults — about two years old — and young — sixteen weeks old — presented nitrogen positive balance. The differences between ages were significant. However, concerning the calcium and phosphorus elements, the adults dogs could not set up positive balance in spite of the fact that they ingested sufficient amounts of both elements and in proper ratio as well. The intake amounts of 331 mg/kg of calcium and 223 mg/kg of phosphorus in adults, daily, determined —23.2% for the calcium and —24.6% for the phosphorus or, in other words, they presented negative balances. On the other hand, the young dogs showed higher hability to draw from the ration, the mineral elements necessary to set up positive balance. The young dogs, on the average, ingested 457 mg/kg of calcium and 308 mg/kg of phosphorus, daily, and presented positive balance of about 13.5% for calcium and 7.2% for phosphorus.Estudou-se neste trabalho, o balanço do nitrogênio, cálcio e fósforo de mistura comercial, balanceada (Dog Meal). O teor de 31,3% sôbre matéria sêca (Andreasi, 1956), de proteína presente na ração, demonstrou ser adequado para as necessidades de crescimento e de mantença dos cães estudados. Os animais, adultos e jovens, apresentaram balanço positivo com referência a êsse elemento. Todavia, no que se refere aos elementos cálcio e fósforo, embora tivessem os animais adultos ingerido quantidades suficientes dêsses elementos e relação cálcio-fósforo adequada, não conseguiram atingir o nível de aproveitamento condizente com suas necessidades. A ingestão de 331 mg e de 223 mg/kg/dia, respectivamente, para o cálcio e fósforo, nos adultos, determinou balanço negativo da ordem de —23,2% para o cálcio e de —24,6% para o fósforo. Por outro lado, os jovens mostraram capacidade mais acentuada de retirar da ração, os minerais necessários para estabelecer balanço positivo. Os jovens ingeriram, em média, 457 mg e 308 mg/kg/dia, respectivamente, para o cálcio e fósforo e apresentaram balanço positivo de cêrca de 13,5% para o cálcio e 7,2% para o fósforo

A life cycle assessment framework for large-scale changes in material circularity

Increasing material circularity is high on the agenda of the European Union in order to decouple environmental impacts and economic growth. While life cycle assessment (LCA) is useful for quantifying the associated environmental impacts, consistent LCA modeling of the large-scale changes arising from policy targets addressing material circularity (i.e., recycled content and recycling rate) is challenging. In response to this, we propose an assessment framework addressing key steps in LCA, namely, goal definition, functional unit, baseline versus alternative scenario definition, and modeling of system responses. Regulatory and economic aspects (e.g., trends in consumption patterns, market responses, market saturation, and legislative side-policies affecting waste management) are emphasized as critical for the identification of potential system responses and for supporting regulatory interventions required to reach the intended environmental benefits. The framework is recommended for LCA studies focusing on system-wide consequences where allocation between product life cycles is not relevant; however, the framework can be adapted to include allocation. The application of the framework was illustrated by an example of implementing a policy target for 2025 of 70% recycled content in PET trays in EU27+1. It was demonstrated that neglecting large-scale market responses and saturation lead to an overestimation of the environmental benefits from the policy target and that supplementary initiatives are required to achieve the full benefits at system level