3,642 research outputs found

    Do Mobile Pensioners Threaten the Deferred Taxation of Savings?

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    We investigate optimal taxation of lifetime income with and without an emigration option during old age. The government sets the rates of deferred taxation and of possibly reduced taxation of interest. If agents are immobile, the optimal policy consists in full deferral of income taxes on savings and a full taxation of interest. Mobility of the old calls for lower degrees of deferral and reduced taxation of interest. However, the optimum never entails full immediate taxation of savings in combination with full tax exemption on capital income.deferred taxation, income tax, savings, migration

    A Team Based Variant of CTL

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    We introduce two variants of computation tree logic CTL based on team semantics: an asynchronous one and a synchronous one. For both variants we investigate the computational complexity of the satisfiability as well as the model checking problem. The satisfiability problem is shown to be EXPTIME-complete. Here it does not matter which of the two semantics are considered. For model checking we prove a PSPACE-completeness for the synchronous case, and show P-completeness for the asynchronous case. Furthermore we prove several interesting fundamental properties of both semantics.Comment: TIME 2015 conference version, modified title and motiviatio

    The model checking fingerprints of CTL operators

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    The aim of this study is to understand the inherent expressive power of CTL operators. We investigate the complexity of model checking for all CTL fragments with one CTL operator and arbitrary Boolean operators. This gives us a fingerprint of each CTL operator. The comparison between the fingerprints yields a hierarchy of the operators that mirrors their strength with respect to model checking

    Elektronische Abstimmungen und Wahlen

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    Zusammenfassungen: Bei elektronischen Abstimmungen und Wahlen gibt es eine Vielzahl von Lösungen, wobei ortsund zeitunabhĂ€ngige Optionen via Internet im Vordergrund stehen. Im Beitrag werden die Teilprozesse fĂŒr Abstimmungen (eVoting) und Wahlen (eElection) im Detail erlĂ€utert. Die Identifikation und Authentifikation des WĂ€hlers erfolgt in der Phase der Registrierung, in einer zweiten Phase muss die elektronische Stimmabgabe fĂŒr Abstimmungen und Wahlen anonym erfolgen. Danach gelangen mehrdimensionale Visualisierungstechniken zur Darstellung der Ab-stimmungs- und Wahlergebnisse zur Anwendung (ePosting). Das politische und kulturelle GedĂ€chtnis (Public Memory), im eGovernment auf Portalen und mit digitalen Archiven realisiert, erweitert die Optionen einer Informations- und Wissensgesellschaft und lĂ€sst ein demokratisches Politcontrolling z

    BĂŒcher

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    Long-range voter model on the real line

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    In the classical voter model on the integer lattice, a voter with one of two opinions is placed at each location on the lattice. Each voter has an alarm clock set to an exponentially distributed random time. When the clock rings, the voter adopts the opinion of a randomly chosen neighbour and the clock is set at a new random time. This process satisfies a moment duality with a system of coalescing random walks. Here we are interested in the situation with an uncountable number of voters, placed at each point of the real line. We allow them to adopt opinions of other voters that are far away. Specifically, we describe a measure valued process satisfying a moment duality relation with a coalescing system of symmetric α-stable processes, where α ∈ (1, 2). Such a process was constructed by Steven N. Evans in 1997. In this thesis we discuss the Hausdorff dimension of the interface between opinions, the survival probability at a given time point and the dimension of the time points where the support is unbounded in a simplified model. Furthermore, we show that the process arises as limit of solutions of a stochastic partial differential equation with accelerated noise.Im WĂ€hler-Modell auf den ganzen Zahlen wird an jedem Gitterpunkt ein WĂ€hler mit einer von zwei Meinungen platziert. Jeder WĂ€hler hat einen Wecker, der nach einer zufĂ€lligen exponentialverteilten Zeit klingelt. Wenn der Wecker klingelt, ĂŒbernimmt der jeweilige WĂ€hler die Meinung eines zufĂ€llig ausgewĂ€hlten Nachbarn und der Wecker wird auf eine neue zufĂ€llige Zeit gestellt. Dieser Prozess erfĂŒllt eine Momenten-DualitĂ€t mit verschmelzenden Irrfahrten. Hier sind wir an der Situation interessiert, in der ĂŒberabzĂ€hlbar viele WĂ€hler auf der reellen Achse platziert werden. Wir erlauben ihnen auch Meinungen von anderen WĂ€hlern zu ĂŒbernehmen, die weit entfernt sind. Konkret beschreiben wir einen maßwertigen Prozess, der eine Momenten-DualitĂ€t mit verschmelzenden α-stabilen Prozessen erfĂŒllt, wobei α ∈ (1, 2). Solch ein Prozess wurde 1997 von Steven N. Evans konstruiert. In dieser Arbeit diskutieren wir die Hausdorff-Dimension des Interfaces zwischen den Meinungen, die Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit zu einem festen Zeitpunkt und in einem vereinfachten Modell die Dimension der Ausnahmezeitpunkte, zu denen der TrĂ€ger unbeschrĂ€nkt ist. Außerdem zeigen wir, dass man den Prozess als Limes einer Lösung einer stochastischen partiellen Differentialgleichung mit beschleunigtem Rauschen konstruieren kann.VIII, 106 Seite

    Theory of filtered type-II PDC in the continuous-variable domain: Quantifying the impacts of filtering

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    Parametric down-conversion (PDC) forms one of the basic building blocks for quantum optical experiments. However, the intrinsic multimode spectral-temporal structure of pulsed PDC often poses a severe hindrance for the direct implementation of the heralding of pure single-photon states or, for example, continuous-variable entanglement distillation experiments. To get rid of multimode effects narrowband frequency filtering is frequently applied to achieve a single-mode behavior. A rigorous theoretical description to accurately describe the effects of filtering on PDC, however, is still missing. To date, the theoretical models of filtered PDC are rooted in the discrete-variable domain and only account for filtering in the low gain regime, where only a few photon pairs are emitted at any single point in time. In this paper we extend these theoretical descriptions and put forward a simple model, which is able to accurately describe the effects of filtering on PDC in the continuous-variable domain. This developed straightforward theoretical framework enables us to accurately quantify the trade-off between suppression of higher-order modes, reduced purity and lowered Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) entanglement, when narrowband filters are applied to multimode type-II PDC.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figure
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