Ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana: uma análise multivariada dos circuitos espaciais de produção, Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2007 a 2011

Submitted by Regiane Silva ([email protected]) on 2018-07-24T14:24:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana- uma análise multivariada.pdf: 1396176 bytes, checksum: fc50eedc53b6804f92674ce9dfcde010 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regiane Silva ([email protected]) on 2018-07-25T15:06:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana- uma análise multivariada.pdf: 1396176 bytes, checksum: fc50eedc53b6804f92674ce9dfcde010 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-25T15:06:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana- uma análise multivariada.pdf: 1396176 bytes, checksum: fc50eedc53b6804f92674ce9dfcde010 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Escola de Veterinária. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.O objetivo deste estudo foi explicar a associação dos fatores socioambientais e dos grandes usos da terra com a ocorrência de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) nos circuitos espaciais de produção, no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico do tipo analítico, baseado em dados secundários de casos de LTA dividido por triênio, no período entre 2007 a 2011, cujas unidades de análise foram os municípios pertencentes aos circuitos espaciais. Duas etapas distintas foram realizadas, sendo a elaboração de mapas temáticos com a identificação dos circuitos a primeira, e na segunda etapa um novo indicador casos de LTA por densidade demográfica foi associado com indicadores socioambientais e dos grandes usos da terra submetidos à análise multivariada de componentes principais (ACP). Para o período avaliado, identificou-se três circuitos distribuídos nas mesorregiões Norte de Minas Gerais, Vale do Rio Doce e Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Houve forte associação dos casos de LTA por densidade demográfica com lavoura temporária, pastagem natural, floresta natural, terras inaproveitáveis e população rural, e uma fraca associação com pastagem plantada. A associação de casos com variáveis dos grandes usos da terra em diferentes perfis agropecuários demonstra o caráter ocupacional da LTA, associado principalmente com trabalhadores da zona rural. A associação da doença com as variáveis ambientais e deficiência das condições de saneamento básico também demonstram relevância no perfil de transmissão nos circuitos espaciais de produção em Minas Gerais.The aim of this study was to explain the association between social-environmental factors and major land uses and the occurrence of cases of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) in the spatial circuits of production in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This was an analytical-type ecological study based on secondary data on ATL divided by three-year period from 2007 to 2011, in which the analytical units were municipalities belonging to the spatial circuits. Two distinct stages were performed. The first was the elaboration of thematic maps with identification of the circuits. In the second, a new indicator, ATL cases by population density, was associated with social-environmental indicators and major land uses, submitted to multivariate principal components analysis (PCA). During the periods studied, three circuits were identified, distributed in the major regions of Northern Minas Gerais, Rio Doce Valley, and Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte. There was a strong association between ATL by population density and temporary crops, natural pasture, natural forest, unusable lands, and rural population, and a weak association with planted pasture. The association of cases with the major land uses variable in different agricultural profiles shows the occupational nature of ATL, associated mainly with rural workers. The association of the disease with environmental variables and deficient basic sanitation also proved relevant in the transmission profile in spatial circuits of production in Minas Gerais.El objetivo de este estudio fue explicar la asociación de los factores socioambientales y explotación a gran escala de la tierra, con la ocurrencia de casos de leishmaniasis tegumentaria americana (LTA) en los circuitos espaciales de producción, en el Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se trata de un estudio ecológico de tipo analítico, basado en datos secundarios de casos de LTA, dividido por trienios, en el período entre 2007 a 2011, cuyas unidades de análisis fueron los municipios pertenecientes a los circuitos espaciales. Se realizaron dos etapas distintas, consistiendo la primera en la elaboración de mapas temáticos con la identificación de los circuitos, y la segunda etapa en un nuevo indicador de casos de LTA por densidad demográfica, que se asoció con indicadores socioambientales y a dos explotaciones a gran escala de la tierra, sometidos a un análisis multivariado de componentes principales (ACP). Para el período evaluado, se identificaron tres circuitos distribuidos en las mesorregiones del norte de Minas Gerais, Vale do Rio Doce y región metropolitana de Belo Horizonte. Hubo una fuerte asociación de los casos de LTA por densidad demográfica con el trabajo temporal, pasto natural, bosque natural, tierras inaprovechables y población rural, y una escasa asociación con pasto plantado. La asociación de casos con variables de las explotaciones a gran escala de la tierra, con diferentes perfiles agropecuarios, demuestra el carácter ocupacional de la LTA, asociado principalmente a trabajadores de la zona rural. La asociación de la enfermedad con variables ambientales y deficiencia en las condiciones de saneamiento básico, también demuestran relevancia en el perfil de transmisión en los circuitos espaciales de producción en Minas Gerais

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora