SUCCESS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF HUMAN SERVICES MODELS TRANSFERRED TRANSNATIONALLY: A MODEL FOR TRANSFER AND FIVE CASE STUDIES

This dissertation examines the success and sustainability of international transfers of human services models in five NGOs in Hungary. In the transitional democracies of Central and Eastern Europe an increasing number of NGOs have claimed their place in social service provision. Supported by an influx of foreign aid, they have often looked for models outside their countries. These initiatives have often survived only while the external funding was available. Drawing on the literature of technology transfer, evidence-based practices, implementation, and international development, this exploratory case study examines the characteristics and defining attributes of success/sustainability of model transfer and five contributing variables of the social aspect: 1) Identification of Need, 2) Values and Philosophy, 3) Investment in People, 4) Business Approach, 5) Management and Evaluation. Using key informant interviews, a survey, and document reviews it documents and critically examines the experiences and views of personnel at five Hungarian NGOs. The research findings reveal that the main differentiating factor in the success of the model transfer is the importing NGO’s focus on the model, the organization, and its relationship with the exporting NGO during the early years of the model transfer. Intentionally managing the differences that arose from the dissimilar cultural contexts and value sets of the source and the destination countries is also shown to be a critical factor. The importing NGO’s focus on the “just manageable” quantities of work in dealing with the operating environment has relevance in other areas in the international development field. The study also identifies and finds support for the factors that contribute to the success of model transfers, and it operationalizes the “socio” aspect of the transfer process, which will allow for the development of a testable framework of transnational model transfers

Regulation of Wages and Hours Prior to 1938

Direct numerical simulations are performed to investigate the transient upstream propagation (flashback) of premixed hydrogen–air flames in the boundary layer of a fully developed turbulent channel flow. Results show that the well-known near-wall velocity fluctuations pattern found in turbulent boundary layers triggers wrinkling of the initially flat flame sheet as it starts propagating against the main flow direction, and that the structure of the characteristic streaks of the turbulent boundary layer ultimately has an important impact on the resulting flame shape and on its propagation mechanism. It is observed that the leading edges of the upstream-propagating premixed flame are always located in the near-wall region of the channel and assume the shape of several smooth, curved bulges propagating upstream side by side in the spanwise direction and convex towards the reactant side of the flame. These leading-edge flame bulges are separated by thin regions of spiky flame cusps pointing towards the product side at the trailing edges of the flame. Analysis of the instantaneous velocity fields clearly reveals the existence, on the reactant side of the flame sheet, of backflow pockets that extend well above the wall-quenching distance. There is a strong correspondence between each of the backflow pockets and a leading edge convex flame bulge. Likewise, high-speed streaks of fast flowing fluid are found to be always colocated with the spiky flame cusps pointing towards the product side of the flame. It is suggested that the origin of the formation of the backflow pockets, along with the subsequent mutual feedback mechanism, is due to the interaction of the approaching streaky turbulent flow pattern with the Darrieus–Landau hydrodynamic instability and pressure fluctuations triggered by the flame sheet. Moreover, the presence of the backflow pockets, coupled with the associated hydrodynamic instability and pressure–flow field interaction, greatly facilitate flame propagation in turbulent boundary layers and ultimately results in high flashback velocities that increase proportionately with pressure

Anpassung der regionalisierten Versuchsauswertung mit überlappenden Anbaugebieten für Sortenversuche im ökologischen Landbau

Der in den meisten Bundesländern eingeschränkte Umfang an Sortenversuchen im ökologi-schen Landbau erschwert eine regionale Sortenempfehlung. Die vielfach geringere Ver-suchspräzision in diesen Anbausystemen verschärft das Problem, welches in häufig hohen Standardfehlern und großen Grenzdifferenzen seinen Ausdruck findet. Daher war es erforderlich auch für die Auswertung der Sortenversuche im ökologischen Landbau Anbaugebiete zu bilden und eine überregionale Auswertung unter Einbeziehung der Ergebnisse benachbarter Anbaugebiete vorzunehmen. Ein weiterer Schritt war die Einführung der Hohenheim-Gülzower Serienauswertung. Mit Hilfe der Regionalisierung und gegebenenfalls gewichteten Einbeziehung von Versuchsergebnissen angrenzender Gebiete (Überlappung) kann die Ertragsschätzung und Sortenempfehlung verbessert werden

Landessortenversuche Ökologischer Landbau 2009 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern - Getreide, Körnerleguminosen, Kartoffeln

Der Bericht enthält Ertrags- und Qualitätsergebnisse 2009 und mehrjährig aus Öko-Versuchen vom Standort Gülzow und angrenzender Standorte mit sandigen Böden der Bundesländer Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen, Sachsen-Anhalt und Brandenburg

Blaue Süßlupine- wichtige Körnerleguminose im Öko-Landbau

Die Bedeutung von Körnerleguminosen nimmt auch im Öko-Landbau bundesweit ab. Immer mehr Praktiker ersetzen sie durch Futterleguminosen oder nicht legume Arten. Eine Praxisanalyse in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern zeigt, dass große Ertragsschwankungen, hohe Saatgutkosten,starker Krankheits- und Schädlingsdruck sowie Verunkrautung Hauptgründe für diese Entwicklung sind. Die Analyse zeigte große Unterschiede im Anbauverfahren. Wichtige Aspekte zur Verfahrensgestaltung werden aufgeführt

Landessortenversuche Ökologischer Landbau 2011 Wintergetreide, Sommergetreide, Leguminosen, Kartoffeln

Der Bericht enthält Ertrags- und Qualitätsdaten von Sortenversuchen verschiedener Fruchtarten des Erntejahres 2011 des Anbaugebietes 1 Sandstandorte Nordost mit Ergebnissen der Bundeslaänder Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Brandenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen und Sachsen-Anhalt

Verbesserung der überregionalen Sortenauswertung im ökologischen Landbau mit Hilfe der Hohenheimer-Gülzower Methode am Beispiel der Körnererbsen

A reduced extent of variety trials in organic agriculture makes a regional recommenda-tion more difficult. The Hohenheim-Gülzower method was developed for the evalua-tion of the conventional national variety trials in the states of the Federal Republic. This method should optimize the interpretation of test results in organic agriculture, too. Problems are shown by example of variety trials with grain peas. The new method enabled the representation of results by regionalization and weighed inclusion of adjacent regions

Landessortenversuche 2008: Wintergetreide, Sommergetreide, Körnerleguminosen, Kartoffeln

Der Bericht enthält die Ergebnisse der unter ökologischen Bedingungen durchgeführten Sortenversuche in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Darüber hinaus werden Ergebnisse von Öko-Standorten angrenzender Bundesländer zu einer Anbauregion regionalisiert und die Erträge aller Standorte nach der Methode der Hohenheim-Gülzower Serienauswertung verrechnet. Der Bericht enthält neben dem Ertrag Angaben zum Auftreten von Krankheiten und zur Qualität

Vergleich von Weizensorten aus ökologischer und konventioneller Züchtung auf Standorten im Nordosten

Weizenanbau erfolgt im Nordosten überwiegend auf sandigen und trockenen Standorten. Erträge und Qualitäten sind daher nicht immer zufriedenstellend. Ziel der sekundären Auswertung von Sortenversuchen war der Vergleich ausgewählter Sorten aus ökologischer und konventioneller Züchtung in Bezug auf Ertrag und Qualität. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Sorten aus ökologischer Züchtung bei leicht geringeren Erträgen und ähnlichen Rohproteingehalten wie konventionelle Züchtungen meist höhere Feuchtklebergehalte erreichen

The effect of pressure on lean premixed hydrogen-air flames

The effect of pressure on the propagation of lean premixed hydrogen-air flames is investigated numerically with a hierarchy of canonical configurations including direct numerical simulations of turbulent flames in homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Thermo-diffusive instability and the ratio of turbulent to laminar burning velocity are found to be clearly amplified for increasing pressure. The observed amplification results from the combined effects of multi-dimensional geometrical features of the reaction front induced by stretch, chemical kinetics and flame speed / thickness sensitivity to preferential diffusion induced by the flame geometry. High-pressure flames exhibit stronger sensitivity to fast molecular diffusion of hydrogen into the reaction front of a reference freely-propagating flame that is nominally weaker at high pressure due to the greater relative importance of chain-termination. In this context, two-dimensional flames subjected to monochromatic velocity perturbations demonstrate locally enhanced flame speeds and reduced flame thickness at high pressure in regions of curvature that are convex towards the reactants. Furthermore, it is found that a Peclet number definition, based on the ratio of diffusive to convective time scales, provides a satisfactory global representation of pressure effects upon thermo-diffusive instabilities of freely-propagating flames. Finally, employing a series of carefully designed direct numerical simulations, it is empirically demonstrated that very similar flame responses can be obtained at atmospheric and pressurized conditions by approximately matching a selection of four key parameters ( , , , ). This key finding demonstrates that the flame speed enhancement often observed at elevated pressure is not a pressure effect per se, but rather determined by the sensitivity of the flame to preferential diffusion ( ) versus its own reactivity ( ), with nominally ‘weaker’ flames showing stronger sensitivity.The effect of pressure on lean premixed hydrogen-air flamesacceptedVersio