Individual Work as a Form of Intellectual Skills’ Development of Future Teachers of Mathematics

У пропонованій статті йде мова про розвиток інтелектуальних умінь майбутніх учителів математики. Розглядаються можливості їх розвитку під час самостійної роботи з практикуму розв’язування нестандартних задач з математики. Увага акцентується на доцільності використання інтерактивних методів та технологій, різноманітних форм і засобів навчання, що сприяє формуванню фахової компетентності майбутніх учителів математики. Висвітлено шляхи використання інтерактивного навчання для перевірки навчальних досягнень з тем, що винесені на самостійне опрацювання.The development of intellectual skills of future teachers of mathematics is revealed in the article. The concepts of intelligence and intellectual skills are defined. It is noted that mental operations lie in the basis of intellectual skills. Therefore, intellectual skills is a set of activities and operations on reception, processing and use of information in educational activity. It is asserted that these skills are formed effectively in future teachers of mathematics in interactive teaching. The examples of students’ intellectual skills development during individual work in mastering discipline material of «Practical course of solving non-standard tasks» for the speciality «Mathematics» are given. It is known that this discipline deals with the methods of non-standard tasks solution, the consideration of which is necessary for mastering modern mathematical set with the purpose of its further application in the study of mathematics and carrying out an independent research. It is found out that student’s individual work is a form of mastering educational material beyond compulsory training lessons. The article offers checking students’ individual work to conduct in the form of a conversation between a teacher and students. Interviews can be conducted both individually and collectively. It is known that the activities which provide an individual decision of educational problems causes an active mental work and conversely, activities for mechanical execution, memorization and reproduction lead to passivity. We propose to move away from a traditional survey and to build checking of individual work using interactive technology in the form of presentations of collective projects in the article. The combination of individual and group forms of work with the purpose of ensuring the quality and efficiency control of each student individual work is considered. The author argues that such testing of individual work will assist not only the educational-cognitive activity of students, but also the development of their intellectual abilities

Endoscopic endonasal management of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea after anterior clinoidectomy for aneurysm surgery: changing the paradigm of complication management

ABSTRACT Resection of the anterior clinoid process results in the creation of the clinoid space, an important surgical step in the exposure and clipping of clinoidal and supraclinoidal internal carotid artery aneurysms. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea is an undesired and potentially serious complication. Conservative measures may be unsuccesful, and there is no consensus on the most appropriate surgical treatment. Two patients with persistent transclinoidal CSF rhinorrhea after aneurysm surgery were successfully treated with a combined endoscopic transnasal/transeptal binostril approach using a fat graft and ipsilateral mucosal nasal septal flap. Anatomical considerations and details of the surgical technique employed are discussed, and a management plan is proposed

Comparison II (device versus decompressive surgery interventions), sensitivity analysis for the outcome of overall functional status without data from Lonne, showing high homogeneity.

<p>Comparison II (device versus decompressive surgery interventions), sensitivity analysis for the outcome of overall functional status without data from Lonne, showing high homogeneity.</p

Study flow diagram: Of 732 identified records, 9 studies qualified for qualitative analysis and 5 for meta-analysis.

<p>*reason for exclusion: did not meet all inclusion criteria; ** reason for exclusion listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0199623#pone.0199623.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>.</p

Summary of findings.

<p>Summary of findings.</p

Comparison II (device versus decompressive surgery interventions), outcome overall functional status.

<p>Meta-analysis revealed no significant difference between groups and high heterogeneity.</p

Risk of bias summary: Authors' judgements review about each risk of bias item for each included study.

<p>Risk of bias summary: Authors' judgements review about each risk of bias item for each included study.</p

Comparison II device versus decompressive surgery interventions, outcome treatment failure (intention to treat).

<p>Meta-analysis revealed significant high risk ratio of reoperation in IPD group.</p

Description of included studies.

<p>Description of included studies.</p