108 research outputs found
Association between gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes risk, and obstetric outcomes: A randomized controlled trial post hoc analysis
Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Lifestyle trials have not achieved much GWG limitation, and have largely failed to prevent GDM. We compared the effect of substantial GWG limitation on maternal GDM risk. Pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥29 kg/m2 \u3c20 weeks gestation without GDM (n = 436) were randomized, in a multicenter trial, to usual care (UC), healthy eating (HE), physical activity (PA), or HE and PA lifestyle interventions. GWG over the median was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion (Stumvoll phases 1 and 2), a higher fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at 24–28 weeks (4.66 ± 0.43 vs. 4.61 ± 0.40 mmol/L, p \u3c 0.01), and a higher rate of caesarean section (38% vs. 27% p \u3c 0.05). The GWG over the median at 35–37 weeks was associated with a higher rate of macrosomia (25% vs. 16%, p \u3c 0.05). A post hoc comparison among women from the five sites with a GWG difference \u3e3 kg showed no significance difference in glycaemia or insulin resistance between HE and PA, and UC. We conclude that preventing even substantial increases in GWG after the first trimester has little effect on maternal glycaemia. We recommend randomized controlled trials of effective lifestyle interventions, starting in or before the first trimester
Beyond Environmental Regulatory Fragmentation: Signs of Integration in the Case of the Great Lakes Basin
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72007/1/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00197.x.pd
The debate over electoral systems. by Andre Blais
The paper reviews the debate over the various dimensions of electoral systems. Provided by MICAH, Canberra
Everything we need to know about compulsory voting
This short essay argues that Australian political scientists to pay more attention to their most original electoral institution, compulsory voting
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