Produtividade e qualidade de frutos de pepino africano em resposta à adubação nitrogenada

O pepino africano (Cucumis metuliferus) é uma planta nativa do continente africano, com potencial para comércio internacional, destinado tanto ao consumo, na forma de sucos, como ao uso farmacêutico. Todavia, pouco se sabe sobre seu manejo cultural, em nossas condições, sobretudo quanto à adubação nitrogenada. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito de doses de nitrogênio sobr e o crescimento da planta, a produtividade e a qualidade de frutos. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em vasos de 10 L. Constou de seis tratamentos, correspondentes às doses de N de 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 e 200 kg ha-1, distribuídas no delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 11 repetições. Avaliaram-se: produção de frutos, massas de matéria seca de parte aérea e de raízes e características físicas e químicas de frutos. O número de frutos e a massa de matéria fresca de frutos apresentaram valores máximos estimados de 2,24 frutos/planta e de 516,41 g/planta, respectivamente, com as doses de 122,50 e de 154,44 kg ha-1 de N. A massa média de fruto estimada foi de 240,27 g/fruto, obtida com a dose máxima testada (200 kg ha-1 de N). A massa seca de parte aérea teve máximo estimado de 39,12 g/planta, com a dose de 144,0 kg ha-1 de N. As doses de N não interferiram na qualidade dos frutos. Para o cultivo do pepino africano, sugere-se a dose de 154,44 kg ha-1 de N, que proporciona 2,18 frutos/ planta, com massa média de 237,07 g/fruto, e produtividade estimada de 516,41 g/planta

Water table depth modulates productivity and biomass across Amazonian forests

Aim: Water availability is the major driver of tropical forest structure and dynamics. Most research has focused on the impacts of climatic water availability, whereas remarkably little is known about the influence of water table depth and excess soil water on forest processes. Nevertheless, given that plants take up water from the soil, the impacts of climatic water supply on plants are likely to be modulated by soil water conditions. / Location: Lowland Amazonian forests. / Time period: 1971–2019. / Methods: We used 344 long-term inventory plots distributed across Amazonia to analyse the effects of long-term climatic and edaphic water supply on forest functioning. We modelled forest structure and dynamics as a function of climatic, soil-water and edaphic properties. / Results: Water supplied by both precipitation and groundwater affects forest structure and dynamics, but in different ways. Forests with a shallow water table (depth <5 m) had 18% less above-ground woody productivity and 23% less biomass stock than forests with a deep water table. Forests in drier climates (maximum cumulative water deficit < −160 mm) had 21% less productivity and 24% less biomass than those in wetter climates. Productivity was affected by the interaction between climatic water deficit and water table depth. On average, in drier climates the forests with a shallow water table had lower productivity than those with a deep water table, with this difference decreasing within wet climates, where lower productivity was confined to a very shallow water table. / Main conclusions: We show that the two extremes of water availability (excess and deficit) both reduce productivity in Amazon upland (terra-firme) forests. Biomass and productivity across Amazonia respond not simply to regional climate, but rather to its interaction with water table conditions, exhibiting high local differentiation. Our study disentangles the relative contribution of those factors, helping to improve understanding of the functioning of tropical ecosystems and how they are likely to respond to climate change