Um estudo de caso das Representações dos alunos das engenharias de uma Faculdade no Noroeste de Minas sobre o ensino da Ética

Resumo: O trabalho  tem por escopo investigar as representações dos discentes da Faculdade FINOM  acerca do significado da Ética em suas formações profissionais,assim como averiguar como  os  alunos avaliam as aulas de Ética ministradas por docentes da referida instituição e o grau de  importância atribuído  ao conhecimento do Código Deontológico  de suas respectivas  profissões, utilizando-se metodologia de natureza qualitativa, por intermédio da técnica de coleta  de dados Survey, mediante a aplicação  de questionários aos cem  alunos dos cursos de Engenharia que  cursam a disciplina  Ética.  Os resultados obtidos sinalizam para uma boa receptividade dos discentes e uma grande internalização dos conhecimentos proporcionados por esta disciplina.  Palavras-chave: Ética. Moral. Profissão. Código Deontológic

O USO DO DOCUMENTÁRIO NO ENSINO DE HISTÓRIA

O Documentário “Mulheres Faraó- As rainhas do Nilo”, está disponível gratuitamente na plataforma do Youtube. Neste recurso de mídia ele tem 46 minutos e 32 segundos, e também é composto pela participação de diferentes doutores historiadores e arqueólogos que buscam aprimorar e descobrir novos conhecimentos sobre a civilização daquela época e a participação da mulher nela. Entre alguns doutores que foram apresentados ao decorrer do documentário, tem-se o Dr. Zahi Hawass2, Dr. Gay Robins3, Dr. Emily Teeter4 e Dr. Mirosloy Barwil5

Fatigue predicts exacerbations in patients with COPD attending to pulmonary rehabilitation

Sem resumo disponível.publishe

Saliva as a “patient-friendly” specimen for COPD assessment

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sputum samples are commony used to provide valuable information on airway microbiota of COPD but they are too invasive to be routinely collected. An interesting alternative would be the use of non-invasive samples from the upper airways but its validation is still lacking. Here, we have explored the merits of saliva to identify the typical profile of COPD microbiota. 70 patients with COPD (60 male, 68±9y, BMI 25.5±3.5, FEV1pp 48±16, GOLD A-12, B-32, C-5, D-21) and 50 healthy matched controls (42 male, 67±8y, BMI 27.6±3.8, FEV1pp 103±17) were characterised based on sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical parameters and 16S rRNA profiling of their salivary microbiota. Microbiota composition was significantly different between healthy individuals and patients with COPD and could also descriminate moderate from severe patients. Healthy individuals were enriched in Alloprevotella and Prevotella, both Bacteroidetes’ genera, whereas moderate patients were enriched in Granullicatella and Lachnoanaerobaculum (Firmicutes) and severe patients were significantly enriched in Haemophilus (Proteobacteria) (Fig1.A). Furthermore, patients showed a significantly less diverse microbiota than healthy individuals (MW-U, p=0.001) (Fig1.B). Our results corroborate the findings reported previously using BAL and sputum samples encouraging further exploration of salivary microbiota as a potential disease biomarker.publishe

Saliva as a non-invasive specimen for COPD assessment

Background: People with COPD have been reported to bear a distinct airway microbiota from healthy individuals based on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sputum samples. Unfortunately, the collection of these samples involves relatively invasive procedures and is resource-demanding, limiting its regular use. Non-invasive samples from the upper airways could constitute an interesting alternative, but its relationship with COPD is still underexplored. We examined the merits of saliva to identify the typical profle of COPD oral bacteria and test its association with the disease. Methods: Outpatients with COPD and age-sex matched healthy controls were recruited and characterised based on clinical parameters and 16S rRNA profling of oral bacteria. A clustering analysis based on patients’ oral bacteria betadiversity and logistic regressions were performed to evaluate the association between oral bacteria composition and COPD. Results: 128 individuals participated (70 patients and 58 controls). Diferential abundance analyses showed difer‑ ences in patients comparable to the ones previously observed in samples from the lower respiratory tract, i.e., an increase in Proteobacteria (particularly Haemophilus) and loss of microbiota diversity. An unsupervised clustering analysis separated patients in two groups based on microbiota composition difering signifcantly in the frequency of patients hospitalized due to severe acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) and in the frequency of GOLD D patients. Furthermore, a low frequency of Prevotella was associated with a signifcantly higher risk of recent severe AECOPD and of being GOLD D. Conclusion: Salivary bacteria showed an association with COPD, particularly with severe exacerbations, supporting the use of this non-invasive specimen for future studies of heterogeneous respiratory diseases like COPD.publishe

Salivary microbiota composition is associated with severe exacerbations

People with COPD present microbiota dysbiosis. Clinical implications of this finding are still unknown and need validation. Here, we tested the association between salivary microbiota and COPD and its ability to discriminate different types of patients. 67 patients with COPD (57male, 68±9y, FEV1pp 48±19, GOLD A-12, B-31, C-5, D-19) were characterised based on sociodemographic, anthropometric, clinical data and 16S rRNA profiling of their salivary microbiota. An unsupervised clustering analysis based on patients’ beta diversity was performed to query its relationship with the disease. Two major clusters (comprising 90% of individuals) differing drastically in severity were observed. Cluster1 aggregated all patients hospitalized in the previous year due to acute exacerbations, 71% of GOLD D patients and included a higher frequency of patients under oxygen therapy and heavier smoking history than Cluster 2 (Fig 1A). Furthermore, Cluster1 had a lower microbiota diversity (MW-U, p=0.008) (Fig 1B) and was enriched in Proteobacteria or Firmicutes, particularly Streptococcus. In contrast, Cluster2 was significantly enriched in Bacteroidetes, particularly Alloprevotella and Prevotella (Fig 1C). Saliva’s microbiota showed a strong association with COPD, especially in terms of severe exacerbations, supporting the use of salivary microbiota for further studies in this population.publishe

Minimal clinically important differences for patient-reported outcome measures of cough and sputum in patients with COPD

BACKGROUND: Cough and sputum are highly prevalent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has shown to be effective in managing these symptoms. However, the interpretation of the magnitude of PR effects is hindered by the lack of minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs). PURPOSE: This study established MCIDs for the Leicester cough questionnaire (LCQ) and the cough and sputum assessment questionnaire (CASA-Q), in patients with COPD after PR. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational prospective study was conducted in patients with COPD who participated in a 12-weeks community-based PR program. Anchor- (mean change, receiver operating characteristic curves and linear regression analysis) and distribution-based methods [0.5*standard deviation; standard error of measurement (SEM); 1.96*SEM; minimal detectable change and effect size] were used to compute the MCIDs. The anchors used were: i) patients and physiotherapists global rating of change scale, ii) COPD assessment test, iii) St. George's respiratory questionnaire and iv) occurrence of an exacerbation during PR. Pooled MCIDs were computed using the arithmetic weighted mean (2/3 for anchor- and 1/3 for distribution-based methods). RESULTS: Forty-nine patients with COPD (81.6% male, 69.8±7.4years, FEV150.4±19.4%predicted) were used in the analysis. The pooled MCIDs were 1.3 for LCQ and for CASA-Q domains were: 10.6 - cough symptoms; 10.1 - cough impact; 9.5 - sputum symptoms and 7.8 - sputum impact. CONCLUSION: The MCIDs found in this study are potential estimates to interpret PR effects on cough and sputum, and may contribute to guide interventions.publishe

Relationship between 1-minute and 5-repetition sit-to-stand tests in COPD

Sem resumo disponível.publishe

Functional status following pulmonary rehabilitation: responders and non-responders

The 6 min walking test (6MWT) has been largely studied. Less is, however, known about responders and non-responders to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in other meaningful activities. We explored responders and non-responders and the predictors of response to PR in the 1 min sit-to-stand test (1 min STS) and the 6MWT and compared both measures in classifying responders. An observational study was conducted with 121 people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The functional status was assessed before and after PR. Baseline differences between responders and non-responders were tested with Mann–Whitney U, chi-square, or Fisher exact tests. Predictors were explored with binary logistic regressions. Agreement between both measures was assessed with chi-square, Cohen’s kappa, and McNemar tests. There were 54.5% and 57.0% of responders in the 1 min STS and the 6MWT, respectively. The proportion of responders was significantly different (p = 0.048), with a small agreement between the measures (kappa = 0.180; p = 0.048). The baseline 6MWT was the only significant predictor of response in the 6MWT (OR = 0.995; pseudo-r2 = 0.117; p < 0.001). No significant predictors were found for the 1 min STS. A large number of non-responders in terms of functional status exist. The 1 min STS and the 6MWT should not be used interchangeably. Future studies should explore the added benefit of personalizing PR to this outcome and investigate other potential predictors.publishe

In vitro assessment of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties of Saccharin-Tetrazolyl and-Thiadiazolyl derivatives: the simple dependence of the pH value on antimicrobial activity

The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of a series of saccharin-tetrazolyl and -thiadiazolyl analogs were examined. The assessment of the antimicrobial properties of the referred-to molecules was completed through an evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. Scrutiny of the MIC and MBC values of the compounds at pH 4.0, 7.0, and 9.0 against four Gram-positive strains revealed high values for both the MIC and MBC at pH 4.0 (ranging from 0.98 to 125 µg/mL) and moderate values at pH 7.0 and 9.0, exposing strong antimicrobial activities in an acidic medium. An antioxidant activity analysis of the molecules was performed by using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) method, which showed high activity for the TSMT (N-(1-methyl-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-N-(1,1-dioxo-1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl) amine, 7) derivative (90.29% compared to a butylated hydroxytoluene positive control of 61.96%). Besides, the general toxicity of the saccharin analogs was evaluated in an Artemia salina model, which displayed insignificant toxicity values. In turn, upon an assessment of cell viability, all of the compounds were found to be nontoxic in range concentrations of 0-100 µg/mL in H7PX glioma cells. The tested molecules have inspiring antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that represent potential core structures in the design of new drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases.Funding Agency Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology UID/QUI/00100/2019 UID/MULTI/04326/2019 -CCMAR Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology SFRH/BPD/99851/2014 IST-ID/115/2018info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio