Actualización en el control de la salmonelosis porcina a través de la alimentación (II)

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Use of a new form of protected sodium butyrate to control Salmonella infection in fattening pigs

A field trial on a commercial pig farm was carried out to assess the efficacy of the addition in the diet of fattening pigs of a new form of sodium butyrate protected with a sodium salt of coconut fatty acid distillate (3 kg/ton of feed) to control Salmonella spp. infection. Around 50 pigs were assigned to treatment group and 50 kept as controls. During the fattening period pigs were monthly sampled (serum and feces), and after slaughter fecal and mesenteric lymph nodes samples were collected. No differences in the proportion of shedders were observed between the sodium butyrate and the control groups, but a significant reduction in the number of infected pigs (61% vs. 4%; p<0.01) and in the median ELISA Optical Density percentage values (55.9% vs. 19.4%; p<0.01) at slaughter was observed in pigs under treatment compared to the controls. In addition, an overall significant association between seropositivity and Salmonella shedding and infection was detected. Results from this study add more evidences on the positive effect of butyrate on the control of pig salmonellosis

Papel de la fauna silvestre en la epidemiología de la salmonelosis porcina en cebaderos

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Control de la salmonelosis porcina mediante la adición de Butirato Sódico encapsulado en la dieta de cerdos de engorde

En los países industrializados la salmonelosis es una de las enfermedades de transmisión alimentaria de mayor incidencia, siendo en la UE la segunda enfermedad de carácter zoonótico más diagnosticada. La tendencia general al aumento en el número de casos de salmonelosis producidos por S. Typhimurium, asociada sobre todo con el cerdo (susceptible a la infección y actuando generalmente como reservorio asintomático), ha hecho que sea considerado la segunda fuente más importante de salmonelosis humana en Europa. La salmonelosis porcina es por lo tanto un problema de Salud Pública que los productores deben controlar, y actividades como determinadas prácticas de alimentación en origen (uso de acidificantes, prebióticos, probióticos, etc.), pueden ayudar a reducir el riesgo de infección una vez que los animales entran en contacto con el agente patógeno. El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar si el butirato sódico encapsulado puede ser eficaz en la prevención de la salmonelosis porcina tras su administración en el pienso de los cerdos de cebo. Para ello administramos GUSTOR BP70 (NOREL S.A., Madrid) a un grupo de 50 cerdos de una nave de engorde de 100 individuos a lo largo de su estancia en el cebadero. Para comprobar su efectividad efectuamos cuatro análisis microbiológicos utilizando heces como muestra (días 30, 60, 90 tras la entrada al cebo y en el sacrificio), uno utilizando los linfonodos mesentéricos (extraídos al sacrificio) y cuatro muestreos serológicos mediante un ELISA indirecto, estableciendo como punto de corte positivo los animales que presentaron un porcentaje de densidad óptica ≥40%. Los resultados se compararon con los de los otros 50 cerdos de la nave que actuaron como controles. Analizando los datos obtenidos mediante un análisis de Chi-cuadrado y mediante un modelo mixto de medidas repetidas, observamos que el producto utilizado podría resultar efectivo para el control de Salmonella en cerdos de engorde, reduciendo la excreción y exposición de la bacteria. Sin embargo, los resultados no permitieron demostrar su eficacia para reducir la prevalencia general de la infección a su llegada al matadero

Booster effect after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in immunocompromised hematology patients with prior COVID-19

Patients with hematological malignancies have been excluded from the new zoonotic coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) vaccine trials despite being at higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19)-related mortality. However, most health authorities worldwide have designated these patients as a priority for COVID-19 vaccination, even in the absence of efficacy data in these highly immunosuppressed patients. In addition, on 12 August 2021, the US Food and Drug Administration amended the emergency use authorizations for the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines to allow for the use of an additional dose in immunocompromised individuals, such as solid organ transplant recipients or equivalently immunosuppressed patients

A Brucella melitensis H38¿wbkF rough mutant protects against Brucella ovis in rams

Brucella melitensis and Brucella ovis are gram-negative pathogens of sheep that cause severe economic losses and, although B. ovis is non-zoonotic, B. melitensis is the main cause of human brucellosis. B. melitensis carries a smooth (S) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with an N-formyl-perosamine O-polysaccharide (O-PS) that is absent in the rough LPS of B. ovis. Their control and eradication require vaccination, but B. melitensis Rev 1, the only vaccine available, triggers anti-O-PS antibodies that interfere in the S-brucellae serodiagnosis. Since eradication and serological surveillance of the zoonotic species are priorities, Rev 1 is banned once B. melitensis is eradicated or where it never existed, hampering B. ovis control and eradication. To develop a B. ovis specific vaccine, we investigated three Brucella live vaccine candidates lacking N-formyl-perosamine O-PS: Bov::CAΔwadB (CO2-independent B. ovis with truncated LPS core oligosaccharide); Rev1::wbdRΔwbkC (carrying N-acetylated O-PS); and H38ΔwbkF (B. melitensis rough mutant with intact LPS core). After confirming their attenuation and protection against B. ovis in mice, were tested in rams for efficacy. H38ΔwbkF yielded similar protection to Rev 1 against B. ovis but Bov::CAΔwadB and Rev1::wbdRΔwbkC conferred no or poor protection, respectively. All H38ΔwbkF vaccinated rams developed a protracted antibody response in ELISA and immunoprecipitation B. ovis diagnostic tests. In contrast, all remained negative in Rose Bengal and complement fixation tests used routinely for B. melitensis diagnosis, though some became positive in S-LPS ELISA owing to LPS core epitope reactivity. Thus, H38ΔwbkF is an interesting candidate for the immunoprophylaxis of B. ovis in B. melitensis-free areas

Application of Bruce-Ladder Multiplex PCR for Identification of Brucella abortus Isolated from Cattle in Kachia Grazing Reserve and Jos Plateau

A study was carried out to isolate Brucella strains from cattle in Kachia Grazing Reserve (KGR) and some communities on Jos Plateau and to carry out phenotypic and molecular characterization of the isolates along with other isolates obtained from field submissions and those in the archive of National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom. A total of 63 vaginal swabs, 36 milk samples, and 2 hygroma fluids were collected from KGR while 70 vaginal swabs, 50 milk samples and 2 hygroma fluids were collected on the Jos Plateau for Brucella isolation. They were cultured for Brucella isolation according to standard Brucella isolation protocol. Three Brucella abortus strains were isolated from KGR while 4 Brucella abortus strains were isolated from the Jos Plateau respectively. Eight isolates from field submissions and 5 from the archive were collected and resuscitated. Comprehensive characterization of the isolates in this study revealed that they were all Brucella abortus. Similarly, characterization of archived isolates and those from field submissions showed that they were Brucella abortus. The classical biotyping of all the isolates revealed that they were Brucella abortus biotype 3. Molecular characterization of all the isolates by Bruce-ladder multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed bands consistent with Brucella abortus. This is the first molecular characterization of Brucella isolates from Nigeria using the Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR and the first study that established that Brucella abortus biotype 3 is the predominant Brucella strain in Nigeria. The study established the endemicity of brucellosis due to Brucella abortus, in the two study areas. These findings have great veterinary and public health implications. There is therefore an urgent need for the institution and implementation of brucellosis control measures in these areas.Publishe

Fomento de la convivencia intercultural e inclusiva en el ámbito universitario

Este Proyecto pretende impulsar la convivencia intercultural e inclusiva y prevenir la violencia racista y xenófoba mediante la implicación participativa de alumnos de Grado de la Facultad de Educación-Centro de Formación del Profesorado