The new world of RNAs

One of the major developments that resulted from the human genome sequencing projects was a better understanding of the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). NcRNAs are divided into several different categories according to size and function; however, one shared feature is that they are not translated into proteins. In this review, we will discuss relevant aspects of ncRNAs, focusing on two main types: i) microRNAs, which negatively regulate gene expression either by translational repression or target mRNA degradation, and ii) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are involved in the biological process of RNA interference (RNAi). Our knowledge regarding these two types of ncRNAs has increased dramatically over the past decade, and they have a great potential to become therapeutic alternatives for a variety of human conditions.28529

Toxic effects of phytol and retinol on human glioblastoma cells are associated with modulation of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor. Genetic mutations may reprogram the metabolism of neoplastic cells. Particularly, alterations in cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthetic pathways may favor biomass synthesis and resistance to ther1363435443FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2011/50400-0, 2013/02618-1, 2013/07559-3This work was supported by grants from FAPESP (2011/50400-0; 2013/02618-1; 2013/07559-3) and FAEPEX/UNICAMP (379/13; 554/14; 621/14

Social defeat stress induces hyperalgesia and increases truncated BDNF isoforms in the nucleus accumbens regardless of the depressive-like behavior induction in mice

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPEpidemiological studies have shown a close association between pain and depression. There is evidence showing this association as patients with depression show a high chronic pain prevalence and vice versa. Considering that social stress is critical for t48116351646FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçãoThis study was supported by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), Brazi

Hippocampal microRNA-mRNA regulatory network is affected by physical exercise

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPIt is widely known that physical activity positively affects the overall health and brain function. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential regulators of numerous biological processes within the brain. These molecules modulate gene expressi1862817111720FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP13/1269-4, 13/13725-3, 11/50680-2Research supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estadode São Paulo (FAPESP: 13/1269-4; 13/13725-3; 11/50680-2

Sulfasalazine intensifies temozolomide cytotoxicity in human glioblastoma cells

Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent used to treat glioblastoma. This tumor type synthesizes the antioxidant glutathione through system X (c) (-) , which is inhibited by sulfasalazine (SAS). We exposed A172 and T98G human glioblastoma cells to a pres4181-2167178CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOsem informação2011/50400-0; 2013/02618-1; 2013/07559-3Temozolomide (TMZ) is an alkylating agent used to treat glioblastoma. This tumor type synthesizes the antioxidant glutathione through system X (c) (-) , which is inhibited by sulfasalazine (SAS). We exposed A172 and T98G human glioblastoma cells to a pre

Transcriptome analysis of dorsal root ganglia's diabetic neuropathy reveals mechanisms involved in pain and regeneration

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPPeripheral diabetic neuropathy (DN) manifests in nearly 60% of diabetic patients, being pain its most debilitating symptom. Although electrophysiological and morphological aspects are well described, little is known about its development and progression,2055462FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP2011/23764-0, 2014/25153-7We wish to thank the Central Laboratory of High PerformanceTechnologies (LaCTAD) for the preparation of cDNA libraries andrunning the RNA-se

Bax And Bcl-2 Expression And Tunel Labeling In Lumbar Enlargement Of Neonatal Rats After Sciatic Axotomy And Melatonin Treatment.

Peripheral axotomy in neonatal rats induces neuronal death. We studied the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and cell death promoter Bax in spinal cord of neonatal rats after sciatic transection and treatment with melatonin, a neuroprotective substance. Pups were unilaterally axotomized at P2 and received melatonin (1 mg/kg; sc) or vehicle 1 h prior to lesion, immediately after, at 1 h, 2 h and then once daily. Rats were sacrificed at 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, 72 h and 5 days postaxotomy. Intact animals were used as controls. Lumbar enlargement was processed for Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR for Bax or Bcl-2 and TUNEL reaction. Motoneurons (MN) of lesioned (L) and normal (N) sides were counted, and MN survival ratio (MSR=L/N) was calculated. Bax and Bcl-2 showed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity (IR). Bax IR was noticeable in small cells but less evident in MN. In unlesioned pups, some Bax-positive small cells (B+) and TUNEL-positive nuclei (T+) were mainly seen in the dorsal horn. In lesioned animals given vehicle, Bax mRNA levels and numbers of B+ and T+ were increased in comparison with intact controls at 24 h postaxotomy. The basal IR for Bax in MN was not changed by axotomy. Bcl-2 IR was noted in all cells and, like Bcl-2 mRNA, was unaltered after lesion. Melatonin reduced MN loss at 24 h, 72 h and 5 days and T+ at 24 h after lesion but did not interfere with Bax or Bcl-2 expression. These results suggest that (1) sciatic transection at P2 increases Bax mRNA and the amount of B+ and T+ in the lumbar enlargement, (2) Bax IR in immature MN is not altered by axotomy and (3) melatonin protects MN and dorsal horn cells through a mechanism independent of Bax and Bcl-2.111280-9