Miért szexelnek az emberek? — Újratöltve — A szexuális motiváció kérdőív magyar adaptációjának rövid változata (YSEX?-HSF)

Háttér és célok Míg a szexuális motiváció a hétköznapi életben kifejezetten fontos, meglehetősen kevés tudományos pszichológiai kutatás foglalkozik vele, és megbízható mérésre alkalmas eszköz is csak korlátozott mértékben áll rendelkezésre. Célkitűzésünk a Meston—Buss-féle (2007) YSEX? kérdőív átalakított, rövidebb változatának kidolgozása volt a kutatók módszertani lépéseit követve. Módszer Az eljárás során három vizsgálatot végeztünk, amelyben összesen 4913 fő (nők: 2467 fő, férfiak: 2446 fő) nem egyetemista résztvevők adatait elemeztük. Az első vizsgálatban (n = 2728) összesen 197 itemet azonosítottunk, amelyek a szexuális érintkezéshez (közösüléshez) vezető okokat fejezik ki. A második vizsgálatban (n = 1161) azt kellett megítélniük a résztvevőknek, hogy ezek az okok milyen gyakorisággal vezettek szexhez. Főkomponens-analízis segítségével 3 főbb komponenst és 24 alkomponenst tártunk fel. A személyes célok elérése főfaktorban 8 alfaktor (újdonságkeresés, konformitás, hűtlenség, impulzivitás, bosszú, élménykeresés, kontroll és hatalom, önértékelés növelése), a kapcsolati okok főfaktorban 9 alfaktor (szexuális vágy, elköteleződés, fizikai vonzalom, ellazulás, intimitás, izgalom, önkiteljesedés, gondoskodás, boldogságkeresés), a szex mint megküzdés főfaktorban 7 alfaktor (érzelmi hiány enyhítése, kényszer és elkerülés, haszonelvűség, megküzdés a kapcsolati konfliktusokkal, alárendelődés, megbirkózás a partner érzelmi szükségletével, pármegtartás). A harmadik vizsgálatban (n = 1024) elkészítettük a kérdőív 73 itemből álló rövid változatát, amelyet személyiségteszttel (BfiS) és szocioszexuális orientáció kérdőívvel (SOI-R) együtt vettünk fel. Eredmények Szignifikáns nemi és életkori különbségeket mértünk a többféle szexuális motivációban, amelyet jól magyaráz néhány korábbi elmélet. A szexuális motiváció egyéni különbségei összekapcsolódnak bizonyos személyiségvonásokkal és szexuális stratégiákkal. Kérdőívünkben az eredetihez képest eltérő struktúrát, markánsabb nemi különbségeket és életkori különbségeket találtunk. Következtetések Eredményeink azt mutatják, hogy a vizsgálatokban jól hasznosítható, megbízható eszkö z áll a magyar alanyokkal dolgozó kutatók rendelkezésére. Mivel a YSEX?-HSF meglehetősen prediktív eszköz várhatóan számos párkapcsolattal, szexualitással összefüggő kutatásban alkalmazzuk majd. | Background and objectives While sexual motivation in everyday life is especially important, few scientific psychological research deals with it and reliable measurement instruments are only available to a limited extent. Our aim was to make the Hungarian adaptation and develop a short version of Why Have Sex [YSEX? (Meston and Buss, 2007)]. Methods We followed the methodological procedure of the original authors. A total of 4913 persons (2467 females) participated in three studies. The first study (n = 1149) identified a total of 197 items that described various reasons for the sexual contact (intercourse). In the second study (n = 1161) the participants had to rate the frequency with that these reasons have led them to have sex. Principal component analysis yielded 3 principal factors and 24 subfactors. Subfactors of the Personal Goal Attainment Principal factor included Seeking novelty, Conformity, Infidelity, Impulsiveness, Revenge, Seeking sensation, Control and power, Boosting self-esteem. Subfactors of the Relational Reasons principal factor included Sexual desire, Commitment, Physical attraction, Relaxation, Intimacy, Excitement, Self-affirmation, Care, Happiness seeking. Subfactors of Sex As Coping principal factor included Mitigating emotional deficit, Compulsion and avoidance, Utilitarianism, Coping with relational conflicts, Submissiveness, Coping with partner’s emotional demands, Mate retention. In the third study (n = 1024) participants filled out a short version of the questionnaire (YSEX?-HSF) (73 items) and a five factors personality test (BFI) and a sociosexual orientation questionnaire (SOI-R). Results Significant differences in gender and age were measured in a variety of sexual motivations, which were in line with earlier theories. Individual differences in sexual motivation correalted with certain personality traits and sexual strategies. The factor structure of our questionnaire was different from the original YSEX?, and we found stronger gender and age differences. Conclusions: Our results indicated that YSEX?- HSF is a concise, reliable, and valid measure of human sexual motivations

Interaction Forces between F-Actin and Titin PEVK Domain Measured with Optical Tweezers

AbstractTitin is a giant protein that determines the elasticity of striated muscle and is thought to play important roles in numerous regulatory processes. Previous studies have shown that titin's PEVK domain interacts with F-actin, thereby creating viscous forces of unknown magnitude that may modulate muscle contraction. Here we measured, with optical tweezers, the forces necessary to dissociate F-actin from individual molecules of recombinant PEVK fragments rich either in polyE or PPAK motifs. Rupture forces at a stretch rate of 250 nm/s displayed a wide, nonnormal distribution with a peak at ∼8 pN in the case of both fragments. Dynamic force spectroscopy experiments revealed low spontaneous off-rates that were increased even by low forces. The loading-rate dependence of rupture force was biphasic for polyE in contrast with the monophasic response observed for PPAK. Analysis of the molecular lengths at which rupture occurred indicated that there are numerous actin-binding regions along the PEVK fragments’ contour, suggesting that the PEVK domain is a promiscuous actin-binding partner. The complexity of PEVK-actin interaction points to an adaptable viscoelastic mechanism that safeguards sarcomeric structural integrity in the relaxed state and modulates thixotropic behavior during contraction

Kynurenic Acid and Its Analog SZR104 Exhibit Strong Antiinflammatory Effects and Alter the Intracellular Distribution and Methylation Patterns of H3 Histones in Immunochallenged Microglia-Enriched Cultures of Newborn Rat Brains

Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is implicated in antiinflammatory processes in the brain through several cellular and molecular targets, among which microglia-related mechanisms are of paramount importance. In this study, we describe the effects of KYNA and one of its analogs, the brain-penetrable SZR104 (N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-3-(morpholinomethyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxamide), on the intracellular distribution and methylation patterns of histone H3 in immunochallenged microglia cultures. Microglia-enriched secondary cultures made from newborn rat forebrains were immunochallenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The protein levels of selected inflammatory markers C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and C-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1), histone H3, and posttranslational modifications of histone H3 lys methylation sites (H3K9me3 and H3K36me2, marks typically associated with opposite effects on gene expression) were analyzed using quantitative fluorescent immunocytochemistry and western blots in control or LPS-treated cultures with or without KYNA or SZR104. KYNA and SZR104 reduced levels of the inflammatory marker proteins CXCL10 and CCR1 after LPS-treatment. Moreover, KYNA and SZR104 favorably affected histone methylation patterns as H3K9me3 and H3K36me2 immunoreactivities, and histone H3 protein levels returned toward control values after LPS treatment. The cytoplasmic translocation of H3K9me3 from the nucleus indicated inflammatory distress, a process that could be inhibited by KYNA and SZR104. Thus, KYNA signaling and metabolism, and especially brain-penetrable KYNA analogs such as SZR104, could be key targets in the pathway that connects chromatin structure and epigenetic mechanisms with functional consequences that affect neuroinflammation and perhaps neurodegeneration

The kynurenic acid analog SZR104 induces cytomorphological changes associated with the anti-inflammatory phenotype in cultured microglia

We previously showed the anti-inflammatory effects of kynurenic acid (KYNA) and its brain-penetrable analog N -(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-3-(morpholinomethyl)-4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxamide (SZR104) both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we identified the cytomorphological effects of KYNA and SZR104 in secondary microglial cultures established from newborn rat forebrains. We quantitatively analyzed selected morphological aspects of microglia in control (unchallenged), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated (challenged), KYNA- or SZR104-treated, and LPS + KYNA or LPS + SZR104-treated cultures. Multicolor immunofluorescence labeling followed by morphometric analysis (area, perimeter, transformation index, lacunarity, density, span ratio, maximum span across the convex hull, hull circularity, hull area, hull perimeter, max/min radii, mean radius, diameter of bounding circle, fractal dimension, roughness, circularity) on binary (digital) silhouettes of the microglia revealed their morphological plasticity under experimental conditions. SZR104 and, to a lesser degree, KYNA inhibited proinflammatory phenotypic changes. For example, SZR104 treatment resulted in hypertrophied microglia characterized by a swollen cell body, enlarged perimeter, increased transformation index/decreased circularity, increased convex hull values (area, perimeter, mean radius, maximum span, diameter of the bounding circle and hull circularity), altered box-counting parameters (such as fractal dimension), and increased roughness/decreased density. Taken together, analysis of cytomorphological features could contribute to the characterization of the anti-inflammatory activity of SZR104 on cultured microglia

Ventricular septal rupture caused by myocardial bridge, solved by interventional closure device

Myocardial bridging is a common coronary anomaly, which is generally described as a benign phenomenon. However, a growing number of studies consider this anomaly a relevant pathophysiological phenomenon with serious pathological consequences. Here we report on the case of an 88-year-old woman suffering from myocardial infarction and ventricular septal rupture, lacking any recognizable coronary disease except for a myocardial bridge causing the systolic compression of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A wide range of diagnostic procedures, including coronarography, echocardiography, and magnetic resonance imaging were used. The septal rupture was finally closed by using a percutaneous closure device. This event indicates that myocardial bridges – at least in some cases – may have notable clinical relevance

A fertilitás megtartásának lehetőségei, feltételei és módjai korai petefészek-daganatok esetén

The aim of this study is to review the literature of fertility-sparing techniques and their safety in early-stage malignant ovarian tumors, especially in epithelial ovarian cancer. Fertility preservation is widely accepted in early-stage borderline, germ cell and sex cord-stromal tumors. Based on data from retrospective studies, fertility-sparing surgery in epithelial ovarian cancer can be recommended in stage IA, grade 1-2 and favorable hystologic type ovarian cancer. Above stage IA, or in grade 3, or in clear-cell tumors decision making process about fertility-sparing surgery should be individual. Correct surgical staging is mandatory and oncologic safety should be primary. In the group of carefully selected patients oncological outcomes are identical to those of radical surgery. Spontaneous pregnancy rates vary, but they are generally high. Adequate counseling with patients, detailed documentation and careful follow-up is of outstanding importance. In order to improve the quality of fertility preservation techniques, establishment of treatment centers is recommended. Orv. Hetil., 2013, 154, 523-530