Cost-effective Ultrasonic Extraction of Bioactive Polyphenols from Vine and Wine Waste in Serbia

By using cost-effective ultrasonic extraction techniques, bioactive phenolic extracts were obtained from Merlot and Vranac (Vitis vinifera L.) vine and wine waste produced in Serbian wineries. These wastes include vine leaves, grape pomace, seeds, skins and stems, which can find further use in the food and pharmacology industries as preservatives against microbes. The extracts showed strong scavenging free radical activity (EC50 from 0.37 to 2.02 mg/L), which was in very good correlation with the total polyphenol content.  Strong antimicrobial activity was found against six Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacterial strains, and against the yeast Candida albicans. The principal component and agglomerative hierarchical clustering analyses performed were shown to be good for grouping and distinguishing the results from thevine and wine by-products (leaves and seeds) from both investigated grape varieties based on the content of various polyphenolic classes, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The valorisation of the grape by-products is consistent with the concept of a sustainable and environmentally oriented wine industry and provides an important economic advantage

Načini upravljanja procesom fermentacije u siliranim hranivima

The control of fermentation process in ensilaged livestock feed is based on the knowledge of biomasses. The important aspects are the suitability for ensilaging (the content of fermentative carbohydrates and buffer capacity of the biomass), providing of the correct level of dry matter and anaerobic environment, wilting, using the chemical additives such as organic acids and their salts, using of biologic additives (inoculants), adsorption of mycotoxins, etc. In purpose of making the process of ensilaging of grasses, legumes and grass-legume mixes, the silages are prepared as bales or silo-tubes.Kontrola procesa fementacije bazira se na poznavanju biomasa u pogledu pogodnosti za siliranje, odnosno obezbeđivanju povoljnog odnosa šećera i pufernog kapaciteta. Biomase višegodišnjih leguminoza i trava neophodno je provenjavati, odnosno povećati sadržaj suve materije u silomasi na najmanje 300-400 g kg-1. Za teško silirajuće biomase (višegodišnje i jednogodišnje leguminoze) koristiti ugljenohidratna hraniva (kukuruzna prekrupa, prekrupa ostalih žitarica, suvi rezanci šećerne repe, melasa, i dr.). Korišćenje hemijskih sredstava iz reda organskih kiselina i njihovih soli. Upotreba bioloških dodataka, inokulanata u smeši sa enzimima (amilaze, celulaze, hemicelulaze i dr.) obezbeđuje dobijanje dobre i stabilne silaže, kao i silaže veće hranljive vrednosti. Korišćenje inokulanata sa homo i heterotrofnim mikroorganizmima u cilju obezbeđivanja aerobne stabilnosti silaža, posebno lakosilirajućih biomasa (kukuruza, sirka, sudanske trave, italijanskog ljulja i dr.)

Trendovi u siliranju leguminoza

Modern trends in legumes ensilaging technology are based on the knowledge of biomass from the aspect of suitability for ensilaging, wilting, addition of carbohydrate feed, use of biological additives, etc. Today, the experiments are conducted, worldwide, with inoculates, which, in addition to homofermentative, also contain heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria. Products of such inoculants contribute to the increase of aerobic stability of silages so their implementation is good for all types of silage. In addition to the usage of those additions, modern technology of silage is based on the maximum mechanization of the ensilaging process, as well as preparing the silage in the form of roto-bales and silo tubes (most inexpensive way of conservation) as well as permanent facilities.Savremeni trendovi u tehnologiji siliranja leguminoza zasnivaju se na poznavanju biomasa sa aspekta pogodnosti za siliranje, provenjavanju, dodavanju ugljenohidratnih hraniva, upotrebi bioloških dodataka, i dr. Trenutno se u svetu eksperimentiše sa inokulantima, koji pored homofermentativnih, sadrže i heterofermentativne bakterije mlečne kiseline. Produkti ovakvih inokulanata doprinose povećanju aerobne stabilnosti silaža, pa su navedeni dodaci aktuelni za sve vrste silaža. Osim korišćenja navedenih dodataka, savremena tehnologija siliranja se bazira na maksimalnoj mehanizovanosti celokupnog procesa siliranja, kao i pripremanja silaže u formi roto-bala i silokobasica (najeftiniji vid konzervisanja) kao i stalnih objekata

Korelacija morfoloških i proizvodnih osobina društava medonosne pčele sa područja Srbije

State of mutual or reciprocal relationship between traits is determined by the correlation coefficients. Correlation of morphological and production traits was determined in two generations of honey bee colonies. In the first generation, mother queen bees were studied, and in the second generation, their offspring. The study of one generation lasted two years. Morphological traits were determined in the beginning of the study and production traits were determined in the spring and autumn inspections of every year. In the first generation, the positive and mostly high correlation between morphological traits, and honey yield and hygienic behavior was determined. Correlation of morphological traits, colony strength and food supplies per colony ranged from highly positive to slightly negative values. It was found that there was a high correlation between some production traits (colony strength in the spring and autumn inspections and honey yield per colony). In the analysis of offspring (second generation), most traits that were positively correlated in mother generation now, also, showed a similar relationship. The only difference, in contrast to mother generation, was that, for most traits, the intensity of interaction increased.Stanje uzajamne ili recipročne povezanosti jedne osobine od druge utvrđuje se na osnovu koeficijenta korelacije. Korelacija morfoloških i proizvodnih osobina utvrđivana je kroz dve generacije društava medonosne pčele. U prvoj generaciji praćene su majke matice, a u drugoj njihovo potomstvo. Ispitivanje po jednoj generaciji trajalo je dve godine. Morfološke osobine su utvrđene na početku praćenja generacija, a proizvodne na prolećnom i jesenjem pregledu svake godine. U prvoj generaciji utvrđena je pozitivna i mahom visoka korelacija između morfoloških osobina, prinosa meda i higijenskog ponašanja. Stepen korelacije morfoloških osobina, snage društva i zaliha hrane po društvu bio je od visoko pozitivne do slabo negativne vrednosti. Ustanovljeno je da postoji i visok stepen korelacije između pojedinih proizvodnih osobina (snaga društava na prolećnom i jesenjem pregledu i prinosa meda po društvu). Prilikom testiranja potomstva (II generacija) većina osobina koje su bile u pozitivnoj korelaciji kod roditelja i sada su pokazivala uzajamni odnos. Jedina razlika u odnosu na roditelje je u tome da se, za većinu osobina, intezitet međusobnog uticaja povećao

Procena kvaliteta polu-prirodnih travnjaka centralne Srbije korišćenjem fitocenoloških i numeričkih analiza

The aim of this paper is to present a numeric-statistical model by which it is possible to evaluate the quality of the observed grassland upon floristic and vegetation assessment. Thanks to this new methodological approach, the impact of each individual plant species on overall quality of the grassland could be estimated. The main goal was to determine species which significantly determine the pastoral value of the grassland. The quality (pastoral value) of the grassland was calculated using the numerical values of quality index of each individual species of each relevé of the community. For testing this numerical method, the total of 11 relevés of 4 grassland communities of hilly-mountainous area of Mt. Kopaonik was used. Analyzed vegetation includes previously unpublished phytocenological relevés as result of our own field research. All analyzed relevés were obtained using the method of the Swiss-French phytocenological school. The results showed that the best and the worst quality were determined for the ass. Festuco-Brometum erectii, and the ass. Nardetum strictae, respectively. Species that highly contributed to good and bad quality of grassland were Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Trifolium repens, etc., and Carduus alpestris, Hieracium hoppeanum, Ornithogalum umbelatum, respectively.Travnjaci predstavljaju jedan od najznačajnijih prirodnih resursa; na teritoriji Srbije obuhvataju oko 1.400.000 ha. Koriste se kao izvor stočne hrane ali i kao resurs materija koje se primenjuju u farmaceutskoj industriji. Uzimajući u obzir njihov veliki značaj istraživanja na travnjacima u svrhu ispitivanja njihovog kvaliteta vrše se u Srbiji od 60-ih godina dvadesetog veka na ovamo. Cilj ovog rada je prikazivanje metode kojom se numerički ocenjuje kvalitet travnjaka, a pored toga se prikazuje i doprinos svake, pojedinačne vrste ukupnom kvalitetu. Doprinos vrste, koji je konkretan broj - pozitivan ili negativan, zavisi od njene pokrovnosti i numeričkog indeksa kvaliteta. Zahvaljujući dobijenim vrednostima doprinosa svake vrste kvalitetu izvršena je podela na klastere. To je najpre izvršeno metodom k-means clustering, zadata su četiri klastera, u prvom je samo jedna vrsta Agrostis vulgaris, u drugom su vrste koje pozitivno utiču na kvalitet, u trećem vrste koje negativno utiču na kvalitet a u četvrtom klasteru su neutralne vrste. Ova podela je proverena metodom glavnih komponenti, i na grafikonu je uočljivo razdvajanje vrsta na pomenute klastere. Zahvaljujući ovoj metodi moguće je za kratko vreme dobiti podatke o kvalitetu nekog travnjaka i podatke o vrstama koje tu žive. Ti podaci o konkretnom travnjaku su dovoljni da se proceni njegova upotrebna vrednost kada je u pitanju stočarska proizvodnja a da se pritom izbegnu skupe hemijske analize

Diferencijacija prednjeg krila medonosne pčele iz Srbije

In this study, 12 morphological characteristics were measured on worker bee samples collected from seven different locations covering the territory of Republic Serbia. The measurement of 11 angles on the front wing and cubital index was done with stereo microscope Leica XTL-3400D, and software package IL 1009 in accordance with the standard method. The results showed significant differences between the groups of bees and investigation of angles on the forewing could be contributed to a clearer separation of groups of bees inside domestic population.U ovom istraživanju mereno je 12 morfoloških karakteristika prednjeg krila pčela radilica u skladu sa metodama Ruttner i sar. (1978). Uzorci pčela radilica su prikupljeni sa 7 različitih lokacija čime su pokriveni glavni pčelarski regioni na teritoriji Republike Srbije. Morfometrijska istraživanja pokazala su da pčele iz Zapadno Bačkog regiona u Vojvodini imaju najveću vrednost uglova B4 (113,17º), D7 (100,10º), E9 (24,28º), K19 (79,60º) i najveći kubitalni indeks (2,92). Iste pčele se na osnovu multivarijantne diskriminantne analize najviše razlikuju od grupe pčela sa Kosova. Na osnovu analize varijanse, utvrđeno je da postoji vrlo značajna razlika (P lt 0.01) u 7 morfoloških karakteristika između grupa pčela sa izabranih lokaliteta. Može se zaključiti da utvrđene vrednosti za ispitivane karaktere ukazuju na postojanje značajne varijabilnosti i impliciraju na postojanje subpopulacija uslovljenih delovanjem čoveka

Investigation of different extraction procedures for the determination of major and trace elements in coal by ICP-AES and ion chromatography

This paper presents the extraction of major and trace elements from a coal sample, in deionized water, by using three different extraction techniques. Rotary mixing and ultrasonic extraction were examined for different extraction times, while the microwave-assisted extraction was performed at different temperatures. Metal concentrations (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, Fe, Mn, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Hg, As, Ni, Se, Sb and Pb) in solution were determined employing inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; whereas the results obtained for Na, K, Ca and Mg were compared employing ion chromatography. Comparing the rotary-and ultrasonic-assisted extractions, it was shown that the former technique was more efficient for the determination of Fe, Na and Pb, whereas the latter one proved more efficient for the determination of Co and Cr ions. Microwave-assisted extraction was shown to be the most efficient method for all the tested elements in coal. In addition, sequential extraction of the elements was realized using microwave digestion. The results of the sequential extraction experiments indicated associations of investigated elements with a mineral phase and organic matrix. Sequential extraction provided information on possible leaching of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Fe and Mn under environmental conditions

Gis techology in regional recognition of the distribution pattern of multifloral honey: the chemical traits in Serbia

GIS is a computer-based system to input, store, manipulate, analyze and output spatially referenced data. There is a huge range application of GIS that generally sets out to fulfill: mapping, measurement, monitoring, modeling and management. In this study, GIS technology was used for the regional recognition of origin and distribution patterns of multifloral honey chemical traits in Serbia. This included organizing and analyzing the spatial and attributive data of 164 honey samples collected from different regions of Serbia during the harvesting season of 2009. Multifloral honey was characterized in regards to mineral composition, sugar content and basic physicochemical properties. The kriging method of Geostatistical Analyst was used for interpolation to predict values of a sampled variable over the whole territory of Serbi

CORRELATION OF MORPHOLOGIC AND PRODUCTION TRAITS OF HONEY BEE COLONIES FROM SERBIA

Abstract: State of mutual or reciprocal relationship between traits is determined by the correlation coefficients. Correlation of morphological and production traits was determined in two generations of honey bee colonies. In the first generation, mother queen bees were studied, and in the second generation, their offspring. The study of one generation lasted two years. Morphological traits were determined in the beginning of the study and production traits were determined in the spring and autumn inspections of every year. In the first generation, the positive and mostly high correlation between morphological traits, and honey yield and hygienic behaviour was determined. Correlation of morphological traits, colony strength and food supplies per colony ranged from highly positive to slightly negative values. It was found that there was a high correlation between some production traits (colony strength in the spring and autumn inspections and honey yield per colony). In the analysis of offspring (second generation), most traits that were positively correlated in mother generation now, also, showed a similar relationship. The only difference, in contrast to mother generation, was that, for most traits, the intensity of interaction increased

BaTiO3/NixZn1−xFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1) Composites Synthesized by Thermal Decomposition: Magnetic, Dielectric and Ferroelectric Properties

To investigate the influence of spinel structure and sintering temperature on the functional properties of BaTiO3/NixZn1−xFe2O4 (x = 0, 0.5, 1), NiFe2O4, ZnFe2O4, and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 were in situ prepared by thermal decomposition onto BaTiO3 surface from acetylacetonate precursors. As-prepared powders were additionally sintered at 1150 °C and 1300 °C. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with electron dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for the detailed examination of phase composition and morphology. The magnetic, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties were investigated. The optimal phase composition in the BaTiO3/NiFe2O4 composite, sintered at 1150 °C, resulted in a wide frequency range stability. Additionally, particular phase composition indicates favorable properties such as low conductivity and ideal-like hysteresis loop behavior. The favorable properties of BaTiO3/NiFe2O4 make this particular composite an ideal material choice for further studies on applications of multi-ferroic devices