683 research outputs found
Performance of early weaned calves fed lasalocid
Twenty-two newborn, bull calves were used to determine the effects of
lasalocid on growth and feed intake of early-weaned calves from week 1 to 12.
Calves were assigned to lasalocid or control groups on day 3. Lasalocid-fed group
received lasalocid in milk from day 4 to 7 and in milk and pre-starter from days 7
to 14 and in starter feed from weeks 2 to 12. Lasalocid-fed calves had a
significantly higher feed consumption and greater weight gain than calves that did
not receive lasalocid. The difference became apparent only after 6 wk of age.
Lasalocid appears to be a beneficial feed additive for newborn calves
Phase transitions in two-dimensional anisotropic quantum magnets
We consider quantum Heisenberg ferro- and antiferromagnets on the square
lattice with exchange anisotropy of easy-plane or easy-axis type. The
thermodynamics and the critical behaviour of the models are studied by the
pure-quantum self-consistent harmonic approximation, in order to evaluate the
spin and anisotropy dependence of the critical temperatures. Results for
thermodynamic quantities are reported and comparison with experimental and
numerical simulation data is made. The obtained results allow us to draw a
general picture of the subject and, in particular, to estimate the value of the
critical temperature for any model belonging to the considered class.Comment: To be published on Eur. Phys. J.
Modulational Instability in Equations of KdV Type
It is a matter of experience that nonlinear waves in dispersive media,
propagating primarily in one direction, may appear periodic in small space and
time scales, but their characteristics --- amplitude, phase, wave number, etc.
--- slowly vary in large space and time scales. In the 1970's, Whitham
developed an asymptotic (WKB) method to study the effects of small
"modulations" on nonlinear periodic wave trains. Since then, there has been a
great deal of work aiming at rigorously justifying the predictions from
Whitham's formal theory. We discuss recent advances in the mathematical
understanding of the dynamics, in particular, the instability of slowly
modulated wave trains for nonlinear dispersive equations of KdV type.Comment: 40 pages. To appear in upcoming title in Lecture Notes in Physic
Landau Damping and Coherent Structures in Narrow-Banded 1+1 Deep Water Gravity Waves
We study the nonlinear energy transfer around the peak of the spectrum of
surface gravity waves by taking into account nonhomogeneous effects. In the
narrow-banded approximation the kinetic equation resulting from a
nonhomogeneous wave field is a Vlasov-Poisson type equation which includes at
the same time the random version of the Benjamin-Feir instability and the
Landau damping phenomenon. We analytically derive the values of the Phillips'
constant and the enhancement factor for which the
narrow-banded approximation of the JONSWAP spectrum is unstable. By performing
numerical simulations of the nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equation we check the
validity of the prediction of the related kinetic equation. We find that the
effect of Landau damping is to suppress the formation of coherent structures.
The problem of predicting freak waves is briefly discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
A novel mechanism for bubble formation in fluidized systems: the effects of granular temperature on the stability in fluidization
Crossovers in Unitary Fermi Systems
Universality and crossover is described for attractive and repulsive
interactions where, respectively, the BCS-BEC crossover takes place and a
ferromagnetic phase transition is claimed. Crossovers are also described for
optical lattices and multicomponent systems. The crossovers, universal
parameters and phase transitions are described within the Leggett and NSR
models and calculated in detail within the Jastrow-Slater approximation. The
physics of ultracold Fermi atoms is applied to neutron, nuclear and quark
matter, nuclei and electrons in solids whenever possible. Specifically, the
differences between optical lattices and cuprates is discussed w.r.t.
antiferromagnetic, d-wave superfluid phases and phase separation.Comment: 50 pages, 15 figures. Contribution to Lecture Notes in Physics
"BCS-BEC crossover and the Unitary Fermi Gas" edited by W. Zwerge
Carrier relaxation, pseudogap, and superconducting gap in high-Tc cuprates: A Raman scattering study
We describe results of electronic Raman-scattering experiments in differently
doped single crystals of Y-123 and Bi-2212. The comparison of AF insulating and
metallic samples suggests that at least the low-energy part of the spectra
originates predominantly from excitations of free carriers. We therefore
propose an analysis of the data in terms of a memory function approach.
Dynamical scattering rates and mass-enhancement factors for the carriers are
obtained. In B2g symmetry the Raman data compare well to the results obtained
from ordinary and optical transport. For underdoped materials the dc scattering
rates in B1g symmetry become temperature independent and considerably larger
than in B2g symmetry. This increasing anisotropy is accompanied by a loss of
spectral weight in B2g symmetry in the range between the superconducting
transition at Tc and a characteristic temperature T* of order room temperature
which compares well with the pseudogap temperature found in other experiments.
The energy range affected by the pseudogap is doping and temperature
independent. The integrated spectral loss is approximately 25% in underdoped
samples and becomes much weaker towards higher carrier concentration. In
underdoped samples, superconductivity related features in the spectra can be
observed only in B2g symmetry. The peak frequencies scale with Tc. We do not
find a direct relation between the pseudogap and the superconducting gap.Comment: RevTeX, 21 pages, 24 gif figures. For PostScript with embedded eps
figures, see http://www.wmi.badw-muenchen.de/~opel/k2.htm
The performance of simulated annealing in parameter estimation for vapor-liquid equilibrium modeling
A carnosine analog mitigates metabolic disorders of obesity by reducing carbonyl stress
Sugar- and lipid-derived aldehydes are reactive carbonyl species (RCS) frequently used as surrogate markers of oxidative stress in obesity. A pathogenic role for RCS in metabolic diseases of obesity remains controversial, however, partly because of their highly diffuse and broad reactivity and the lack of specific RCS-scavenging therapies. Naturally occurring histidine dipeptides (e.g., anserine and carnosine) show RCS reactivity, but their therapeutic potential in humans is limited by serum carnosinases. Here, we present the rational design, characterization, and pharmacological evaluation of carnosinol, i.e., (2S)-2-(3-amino propanoylamino)-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanol, a derivative of carnosine with high oral bioavailability that is resistant to carnosinases. Carnosinol displayed a suitable ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profile and was determined to have the greatest potency and selectivity toward \u3b1,\u3b2-unsaturated aldehydes (e.g., 4-hydroxynonenal, HNE, ACR) among all others reported thus far. In rodent models of diet-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome, carnosinol dose-dependently attenuated HNE adduct formation in liver and skeletal muscle, while simultaneously mitigating inflammation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and steatohepatitis. These improvements in metabolic parameters with carnosinol were not due to changes in energy expenditure, physical activity, adiposity, or body weight. Collectively, our findings illustrate a pathogenic role for RCS in obesity-related metabolic disorders and provide validation for a promising new class of carbonyl-scavenging therapeutic compounds rationally derived from carnosine
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