5,626 research outputs found
Evaluation of a high-torque backlash-free roller actuator
The results are presented of a test program that evaluated the stiffness, accuracy, torque ripple, frictional losses, and torque holding capability of a 16:1 ratio, 430 N-m (320 ft-lb) planetary roller drive for a potential space vehicle actuator application. The drive's planet roller supporting structure and bearings were found to be the largest contributors to overall drive compliance, accounting for more than half of the total. In comparison, the traction roller contacts themselves contributed only 9 percent of the drive's compliance based on an experimentally verified stiffness model. The drive exhibited no backlash although 8 arc sec of hysteresis deflection were recorded due to microcreep within the contact under torque load. Because of these load-dependent displacements, some form of feedback control would be required for arc second positioning applications. Torque ripple tests showed the drive to be extremely smooth, actually providing some damping of input torsional oscillations. The drive also demonstrated the ability to hold static torque with drifts of 7 arc sec or less over a 24 hr period at 35 percent of full load
Studies on starches: with particular reference to the characterization or their amylose and amylopeotin components; and analyses or some starch-containing materials
Starch is one of the most important natural products.
It finds many industrial uses and applications, and, in
different forms, is used throughout the world as a staple
item of the human diet.
Consequently, the structure and properties of starch
have deservedly formed the subject of extensive
investigations both by chemists and bio-chemists.
Because of the inherent difficulties in the many problems
which arose, and the continual need for development of
new techniques, progress prior to 1925 was slow and
uncertain. However, the subsequent elucidation of the
precise structural configurations of the simpler sugars
e.g. glucose, maltose and cellobiose, gave a firm
foundation for future work, and steady progress ensued.
One of the most important advances was the realisation of
the apparent inhomogeneity of starch; this was followed
in 1941 by the first quantitative fractionation into
simpler components.
As a result, the highly polymeric nature and main
structural features of the molecule are now well estab¬
lished. In general, starches can be separated into two
distinct entities, both of which are high polymers of
α-D-glucopyranose units joined by α-1:4-glycosidic
linkages: (a) Amylose - a mixture of very long, essentially
inbranched, chains of these units. (b) Arnylopectin - a
mixture of much shorter, highly branched chains of these
units, the inter-chain, or branching, linkages being
essentially α-l;6.
Yet many problems still remain. Some are concerned
with the clarification of controversial issues on which
the present experimental evidence, as reported by various
workers, is either at variance or considered to be
inconclusive; the majority, however, are concerned with
the fundamentally important details of fine structure and
the molecular size and shape of the starch components.
It is now accepted that there is little prospect of
progress on these particular problems unless full use is
made by the carbohydrate chemist of physical and enzymic
methods to supplement purely chemical approaches.
When the researches reported in this thesis were
begun, it was apparent that, before the established
physical techniques used in polymer chemistry for the
determination of molecular size and shape could be
profitably applied, work on the following topics was an
essential preliminary in order that the materials to be
studied could be adequately and accurately characterized:-
(1) The development of a differential potentiometric
iodine titration technique for the determination
of the % amylose in starches and their fractionated
components, and for the possible characterization
of other a-1:4-glucosans. It was desirable that
the apparatus should be considerably more sensitive
and accurate than any of those previously reported,
yet also be capable of simple operation as a
routine analytical method.
(2) A study of the oxidation of starches by the
periodate ion in view of the low quoted percentage
accuracy of the technique, and the then existing
lack of agreement in the literature on the following
points; (a) conditions for the quantitative
estimation of the formic acid released, (b) the
length of time required for complete oxidation, and
the possibility of over-oxidation, (c) the presence
of intact glucose residues after oxidation,
suggesting that inter-chain linkages other than
1:6 existed in amylopectin.
(3) A study of the effect of the presence of contaminating protein on results obtained by use of
the potentiometric iodine titration and periodate
oxidation techniques.
(4) The preparation, and purification, of starches
from several botanical sources which had not previously
been studied, so that the use at any stage of industrial samples of unknown origin, treatment, and history
could be avoided. By preparation of the starches under
the mildest possible conditions, so as to minimise
degradation, these same samples could later be used for
physico-chemical studies of molecular size and shape.
The opportunity was taken, after the extraction of
each starch, to apply a graded series of extractions
to the residual plant material; the fractions isolated
were analysed for protein, ash, and uronic acid content,
and the polysaccharide content was investigated by
chromatographic analyses of the sugars liberated
on hydrolysis
Commercial Purposes, Governmental Functions, and the FAA’s Regulatory Authority over Unmanned Public Aircraft Operations in U.S. National Airspace
PTSD/SUD in Individuals with Physical Disabilities: Identifying Problems and Promising Interventions
Co-occurring posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorder (SUD) is common, affects multiple domains of functioning, and presents complex challenges to recovery. Initial research indicates that individuals with physical disabilities experience higher rates of lifetime trauma and PTSD, and exhibit more severe SUD compared to non-disabled individuals. To expand upon these initial findings, we conducted a series of two studies on PTSD and SUD among individuals with physical disabilities
Stability Walls in Heterotic Theories
We study the sub-structure of the heterotic Kahler moduli space due to the
presence of non-Abelian internal gauge fields from the perspective of the
four-dimensional effective theory. Internal gauge fields can be supersymmetric
in some regions of the Kahler moduli space but break supersymmetry in others.
In the context of the four-dimensional theory, we investigate what happens when
the Kahler moduli are changed from the supersymmetric to the non-supersymmetric
region. Our results provide a low-energy description of supersymmetry breaking
by internal gauge fields as well as a physical picture for the mathematical
notion of bundle stability. Specifically, we find that at the transition
between the two regions an additional anomalous U(1) symmetry appears under
which some of the states in the low-energy theory acquire charges. We compute
the associated D-term contribution to the four-dimensional potential which
contains a Kahler-moduli dependent Fayet-Iliopoulos term and contributions from
the charged states. We show that this D-term correctly reproduces the expected
physics. Several mathematical conclusions concerning vector bundle stability
are drawn from our arguments. We also discuss possible physical applications of
our results to heterotic model building and moduli stabilization.Comment: 37 pages, 4 figure
Quiver Structure of Heterotic Moduli
We analyse the vector bundle moduli arising from generic heterotic
compactifications from the point of view of quiver representations. Phenomena
such as stability walls, crossing between chambers of supersymmetry, splitting
of non-Abelian bundles and dynamic generation of D-terms are succinctly encoded
into finite quivers. By studying the Poincar\'e polynomial of the quiver moduli
space using the Reineke formula, we can learn about such useful concepts as
Donaldson-Thomas invariants, instanton transitions and supersymmetry breaking.Comment: 38 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
Heterotic Models from Vector Bundles on Toric Calabi-Yau Manifolds
We systematically approach the construction of heterotic E_8 X E_8 Calabi-Yau
models, based on compact Calabi-Yau three-folds arising from toric geometry and
vector bundles on these manifolds. We focus on a simple class of 101 such
three-folds with smooth ambient spaces, on which we perform an exhaustive scan
and find all positive monad bundles with SU(N), N=3,4,5 structure groups,
subject to the heterotic anomaly cancellation constraint. We find that
anomaly-free positive monads exist on only 11 of these toric three-folds with a
total number of bundles of about 2000. Only 21 of these models, all of them on
three-folds realizable as hypersurfaces in products of projective spaces, allow
for three families of quarks and leptons. We also perform a preliminary scan
over the much larger class of semi-positive monads which leads to about 44000
bundles with 280 of them satisfying the three-family constraint. These 280
models provide a starting point for heterotic model building based on toric
three-folds.Comment: 41 pages, 5 figures. A table modified and a table adde
Numerical Hermitian Yang-Mills Connections and Kahler Cone Substructure
We further develop the numerical algorithm for computing the gauge connection
of slope-stable holomorphic vector bundles on Calabi-Yau manifolds. In
particular, recent work on the generalized Donaldson algorithm is extended to
bundles with Kahler cone substructure on manifolds with h^{1,1}>1. Since the
computation depends only on a one-dimensional ray in the Kahler moduli space,
it can probe slope-stability regardless of the size of h^{1,1}. Suitably
normalized error measures are introduced to quantitatively compare results for
different directions in Kahler moduli space. A significantly improved numerical
integration procedure based on adaptive refinements is described and
implemented. Finally, an efficient numerical check is proposed for determining
whether or not a vector bundle is slope-stable without computing its full
connection.Comment: 38 pages, 10 figure
Piloting Signs of Safety : A Deaf-Accessible Toolkit for Trauma and Addiction
The Deaf community - a minority group of 500,000 Americans who use American Sign Language (ASL) - experiences trauma and addiction at rates double to the general population. Yet, there are no evidence-based treatments that have been evaluated to treat trauma, addiction, or other behavioral health conditions among Deaf people.
Current evidence-based treatments fail to meet the needs of Deaf clients. One example is Seeking Safety, a well-validated therapy for people recovering from trauma and addiction. Seeking Safety includes a therapist guide and client handouts for 25 therapy sessions, each teaching clients a safe coping skill. When Seeking Safety was used with Deaf clients, unique barriers were revealed with regard to the client materials: they were presented in complex English instead of ASL, nor sensitive to Deaf people’s culture, social norms, and history of oppression.
To address these barriers, Dr. Anderson assembled a team of Deaf and hearing researchers, clinicians, filmmakers, actors, artists, and Deaf people in recovery to develop Signs of Safety, a Deaf-accessible toolkit to be used with Seeking Safety. Signs of Safety is comprised of a therapist companion guide and population-specific client materials, including visual handouts and ASL teaching stories on digital video, which present key learning points via an “educational soap opera.”
Dr. Anderson is currently leading a pilot study of Signs of Safety. Preliminary results show that participants are reporting symptom reduction from baseline to follow-up and high levels of satisfaction with the model, giving us the confidence to further pursue this line of research
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