Identification of ebs1, lsm6 and nup159 as suppressors of spt10 effects at ADH2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae suggests post-transcriptional defects affect mRNA synthesis

Suppression of the effects of an spt10 mutation on ADH2 expression is a phenotype shared by a small number of genes whose protein products are either components of the CCR4-NOT complex required for mRNA deadenylation and degradation (CCR4, CAF1, NOT4) or have been shown to interact with the complex (DBF2, SRB9, SRB10). In this work, we conducted a screen for additional suppressors of spt10 at ADH2 to identify new factors related to CCR4 function. In addition to reisolating ccr4 and caf1 alleles, three previously unidentified suppressors of spt10 were obtained: ebs1, lsm6, and nup159. These three genes are known or presumed to affect mRNA export or degradation. Mutations in EBS1, LSM6 and NUP159 not only suppressed spt10-induced ADH2 expression but also, like ccr4 and caf1 defects, reduced the ability of ADH2 to derepress. None of these defects affected the expression of CCR4-NOT complex components or the formation of the CCR4-NOT complex. The reduced ADH2 expression was also not the result of increased degradation of ADH2 mRNA, as the lsm6 and nup159 alleles, like that of a ccr4 deletion, actually slowed ADH2 degradation. Our results indicate that alterations in factors that slow mRNA degradation or affect mRNA transport may also interfere with the synthesis of mRNA and suggest an integration of such events in gene expression

Heat transfer characteristics of hypersonic waveriders with an emphasis on the leading edge effects

The heat transfer characteristics in surface radiative equilibrium and the aerodynamic performance of blunted hypersonic waveriders are studied along two constant dynamic pressure trajectories for four different Mach numbers. The inviscid leading edge drag was found to be a small (4 to 8 percent) but not negligible fraction of the inviscid drag of the vehicle. Although the viscous drag at the leading edge can be neglected, the presence of the leading edge will influence the transition pattern of the upper and the lower surfaces and therefore affect the viscous drag of the entire vehicle. For an application similar to the National Aerospace Plane (NASP), the present study demonstrates that the waverider remains a valuable concept at high Mach numbers if a state-of-the-art active cooling device is used along the leading edge. At low Mach number (less than 5), the study shows the surface radiative cooling might be sufficient. In all cases, radiative cooling is sufficient for the upper and lower surfaces of the vehicle if ceramic composites are used as thermal protection

Demonstration of Self-Updating Landslide Hazard Maps with Dynamic Crowd-Sourced Data in Rwanda

No abstract availabl

Genetic and morphological variation of bee-parasitic Tropilaelaps mites (Acari: Laelapidae): new and re-defined species

Mites in the genus Tropilaelaps are parasites of social honeybees. Two species, Tropilaelaps clareae and T. koenigerum, have been recorded and their primary hosts are presumed to be the giant honeybees of Asia, Apis dorsata and A. laboriosa. The most common species, T. clareae, is also an economically important pest of the introduced Western honeybee (A. mellifera) throughout Asia and is considered an emerging threat to world apiculture. In the studies reported here, genetic (mtDNA CO-I and nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 gene sequence) and morphological variation and host associations were examined among Tropilaelaps isolates collected from A. dorsata, A. laboriosa and A. mellifera throughout Asia and neighbouring regions. The results clearly indicate that the genus contains at least four species. Tropilaelaps clareae, previously assumed to be ubiquitous in Asia, was found to be two species, and it is here redefined as encompassing haplotypes (mites with distinct mtDNA gene sequences) that parasitise native A. dorsata breviligula and introduced A. mellifera in the Philippines and also native A. d. binghami on Sulawesi Island in Indonesia. Tropilaelaps mercedesae n. sp., which until now has been mistaken for T. clareae, encompasses haplotypes that, together with haplotypes of T. koenigerum, parasitise native A. d. dorsata in mainland Asia and Indonesia (except Sulawesi Island). It also parasitises introduced A. mellifera in these and surrounding regions and, with another new species, T. thaii n. sp., also parasitises A. laboriosa in mountainous Himalayan regions. Methods are described for identifying each species. These studies help to clarify the emerging threat of Tropilaelaps to world apiculture and will necessitate a revision of quarantine protocols for countries that import and export honeybees

Frecuencia y características de la automedicación en pacientes con cefalea en atención primaria en Lambayeque Perú, 2015

Objetivos: determinar la frecuencia y describir las características de la automedicación en pacientes con cefalea que acuden a un centro de atención primaria en Lambayeque. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal con muestreo probabilístico de tipo sistemático. Se aplicó una encuesta validada. Resultados: se entrevistaron 348 pacientes. El promedio de edad fue 59,9 ± 14,5 años; 158/348 (45,4%) tuvieron migraña como antecedente. La frecuencia de automedicación fue 256/348 (73,5%); 34,7% lo hacían dos semanas del mes, 67,9% 1 a 2 días de la semana. El medicamento más usado por los pacientes fue paracetamol: 174/256 (67,96%). El motivo más frecuente para no acudir al médico fue: “Ya sé lo que recetan los médicos”: 33,6%. No se encontró asociación entre los datos sociodemográficos y el auto medicarse. En los pacientes que acudían por primera vez a consulta, la automedicación fue mayor (p<0,001). Los pacientes que se automedicaban tenían menos semanas al mes y días a la semana con cefalea. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de automedicación en pacientes con cefalea es elevada. Los pacientes no acuden a consulta porque refieren saber lo que los médicos van a prescribirles. Los que se automedicaban tuvieron menos semanas del mes y días de la semana con cefalea

Arithmetic of characteristic p special L-values (with an appendix by V. Bosser)

Recently the second author has associated a finite \F_q[T]-module $H$ to the Carlitz module over a finite extension of \F_q(T). This module is an analogue of the ideal class group of a number field. In this paper we study the Galois module structure of this module $H$ for `cyclotomic' extensions of \F_q(T). We obtain function field analogues of some classical results on cyclotomic number fields, such as the $p$-adic class number formula, and a theorem of Mazur and Wiles about the Fitting ideal of ideal class groups. We also relate the Galois module $H$ to Anderson's module of circular units, and give a negative answer to Anderson's Kummer-Vandiver-type conjecture. These results are based on a kind of equivariant class number formula which refines the second author's class number formula for the Carlitz module.Comment: (v2: several corrections in section 9; v3: minor corrections, improved exposition; v4: minor corrections; v5 minor corrections

Fine-sorting One-dimensional Particle-In-Cell Algorithm with Monte-Carlo Collisions on a Graphics Processing Unit

Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with Monte-Carlo collisions are used in plasma science to explore a variety of kinetic effects. One major problem is the long run-time of such simulations. Even on modern computer systems, PIC codes take a considerable amount of time for convergence. Most of the computations can be massively parallelized, since particles behave independently of each other within one time step. Current graphics processing units (GPUs) offer an attractive means for execution of the parallelized code. In this contribution we show a one-dimensional PIC code running on Nvidia GPUs using the CUDA environment. A distinctive feature of the code is that size of the cells that the code uses to sort the particles with respect to their coordinates is comparable to size of the grid cells used for discretization of the electric field. Hence, we call the corresponding algorithm "fine-sorting". Implementation details and optimization of the code are discussed and the speed-up compared to classical CPU approaches is computed

On the Sign Problem in the Hirsch-Fye Algorithm for Impurity Problems

We show that there is no fermion sign problem in the Hirsch and Fye algorithm for the single-impurity Anderson model. Beyond the particle-hole symmetric case for which a simple proof exists, this has been known only empirically. Here we prove the nonexistence of a sign problem for the general case by showing that each spin trace for a given Ising configuration is separately positive. We further use this insight to analyze under what conditions orbitally degenerate Anderson models or the two-impurity Anderson model develop a sign.Comment: 2 pages, no figure; published versio

Thermal and Radiation Design Considerations for CubeSats in Low Lunar Orbit

NASA\u27s Artemis program is turning the attention back to the Moon. As an example of Artemis I, CubeSats can now be inserted into lunar orbits by ridesharing. Designers must become familiarized with the additional technical challenges of operating far away from the usual low Earth orbit (LEO) condition, especially regarding the lunar radiation and thermal environments. This paper analyzes the thermal environment loads for a spacecraft operating in a low lunar orbit (LLO) at 100km altitude with a fixed nadir-pointing orientation. A simplified thermal model is presented to assess the impact of the surfaces\u27 thermal-optical properties and internal thermal resistances on the maximum dissipation power for 6U and 12U CubeSats at different orbital Beta-Sun angles. The occurrences of Solar eclipses in the next decade are reviewed, as well as the impact on the required heating energy to keep the CubeSats in the safe temperature range during the longest eclipse of the series. The radiation analysis focuses on the total ionization dose received by the spacecraft in LLO compared to LEO. The impact of a full-body radiation shielding approach on the chassis mass is also assessed for different wall thicknesses