A useful reparameterisation to obtain samples from conditional inverse Wishart distributions

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Prediction error variance and expected response to selection, when selection is based on the best predictor – for Gaussian and threshold characters, traits following a Poisson mixed model and survival traits

In this paper, we consider selection based on the best predictor of animal additive genetic values in Gaussian linear mixed models, threshold models, Poisson mixed models, and log normal frailty models for survival data (including models with time-dependent covariates with associated fixed or random effects). In the different models, expressions are given (when these can be found – otherwise unbiased estimates are given) for prediction error variance, accuracy of selection and expected response to selection on the additive genetic scale and on the observed scale. The expressions given for non Gaussian traits are generalisations of the well-known formulas for Gaussian traits – and reflect, for Poisson mixed models and frailty models for survival data, the hierarchal structure of the models. In general the ratio of the additive genetic variance to the total variance in the Gaussian part of the model (heritability on the normally distributed level of the model) or a generalised version of heritability plays a central role in these formulas

Low validity of the Sensewear Pro3 activity monitor compared to indirect calorimetry during simulated free living in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip

BACKGROUND: To validate physical activity estimates by the Sensewear Pro3 activity monitor compared with indirect calorimetry during simulated free living in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the hip pre or post total hip arthroplasty. METHODS: Twenty patients diagnosed with hip osteoarthritis (10 pre- and 10 post total hip arthroplasty; 40% female; age: 63.3 ± 9.0; BMI: 23.7 ± 3.7). All patients completed a 2 hour protocol of simulated free living with 8 different typical physical activity types. Energy consumption (kcal/min) was estimated by the Sense Wear pro3 Armband activity monitor and validated against indirect calorimetry (criterion method) by means of a portable unit (Cosmed K4b(2)). Bias and variance was analyzed using functional ANOVA. RESULTS: Mean bias during all activities was 1.5 Kcal/min 95%CI [1.3; 1.8] corresponding to 72% (overestimation). Normal gait speed showed an overestimation of 2.8 Kcal/min, 95%CI [2.3; 3.3] (93%) while an underestimation of -1.1 Kcal/min, 95%CI [-1.8; -0.3] (-25%) was recorded during stair climb. Activities dominated by upper body movements showed large overestimation with 4.37 Kcal/min, 95%CI [3.8; 5.1] (170%) being recorded during gardening. Both bias and variance appeared to be dependent on activity type. CONCLUSION: The activity monitor generally overestimated the energy consumption during common activities of low to medium intensity in the patient group. The size and direction of the bias was highly dependent on the activity type which indicates the activity monitor is of limited value in patients with hip osteoarthritis and that the results do not express the real energy expenditure

Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer's acetate in severe sepsis.

To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) [corrected] is widely used for fluid resuscitation in intensive care units (ICUs), but its safety and efficacy have not been established in patients with severe sepsis. In this multicenter, parallel-group, blinded trial, we randomly assigned patients with severe sepsis to fluid resuscitation in the ICU with either 6% HES 130/0.42 (Tetraspan) or Ringer's acetate at a dose of up to 33 ml per kilogram of ideal body weight per day. The primary outcome measure was either death or end-stage kidney failure (dependence on dialysis) at 90 days after randomization. Of the 804 patients who underwent randomization, 798 were included in the modified intention-to-treat population. The two intervention groups had similar baseline characteristics. At 90 days after randomization, 201 of 398 patients (51%) assigned to HES 130/0.42 had died, as compared with 172 of 400 patients (43%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.36; P=0.03); 1 patient in each group had end-stage kidney failure. In the 90-day period, 87 patients (22%) assigned to HES 130/0.42 were treated with renal-replacement therapy versus 65 patients (16%) assigned to Ringer's acetate (relative risk, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.80; P=0.04), and 38 patients (10%) and 25 patients (6%), respectively, had severe bleeding (relative risk, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.94 to 2.48; P=0.09). The results were supported by multivariate analyses, with adjustment for known risk factors for death or acute kidney injury at baseline. Patients with severe sepsis assigned to fluid resuscitation with HES 130/0.42 had an increased risk of death at day 90 and were more likely to require renal-replacement therapy, as compared with those receiving Ringer's acetate. (Funded by the Danish Research Council and others; 6S ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00962156.)Danish Research Council 271-08-0691 09-066938 Rigshospitalet Research Council Scandinavian Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine ACTA Foundation Fresenius Kab

Prediction error variance and expected response to selection, when selection is based on the best predictor - for Gaussian and threshold characters, traits following a Poisson mixed model and survival traits

In this paper, we consider selection based on the best predictor of animal additive genetic values in Gaussian linear mixed models, threshold models, Poisson mixed models, and log normal frailty models for survival data (including models with time-dependent covariates with associated fixed or random effects). In the different models, expressions are given (when these can be found - otherwise unbiased estimates are given) for prediction error variance, accuracy of selection and expected response to selection on the additive genetic scale and on the observed scale. The expressions given for non Gaussian traits are generalisations of the well-known formulas for Gaussian traits - and reflect, for Poisson mixed models and frailty models for survival data, the hierarchal structure of the models. In general the ratio of the additive genetic variance to the total variance in the Gaussian part of the model (heritability on the normally distributed level of the model) or a generalised version of heritability plays a central role in these formulas

Percepción de los mensajes Alimentación-Salud: investigación en centros de protección maternal e infantil

La percepción de los mensajes oficiales sobre Alimentación-Salud de la PMI (de 2 a 6 años), las dificultades de cocinar sano por falta de tiempo y/o económicas y el concepto de cantidades de alimentos se correlaciona con el origen geográfico de las familias y de sus prácticas culturales. La educación alimenticia debe tener en cuenta la diversidad cultural, esto está cada vez más presente en las sociedades europeas.AHPren (2-6 urte bitartekoentzat) Elikadura-Osasunari buruzko mezu ofizialen pertzepzioa, denbora edo/eta ekonomia eskasez janaria osasuntsu prestatzeko zailtasunak eta elikagaien kopuruen kontzeptua erlazionatu egiten dira familien jatorri geografikoarekin eta haien praktika kulturalekin. Elikadura heziketak kontuan hartu behar du kultura aniztasuna ezin daitekeela orokorra izan. Hori gero eta gehiago agertzen ari da europar gizarteetan.La perception des messages officiels sur Alimentation-Santé de la PMI (de 2 à 6 ans), les difficultés de cuisiner sainement par manque de temps et/ou d'argent et le concept des quantités alimentaires sont en corrélation avec l'origine géographique des familles et de leurs pratiques culturelles. L'éducation alimentaire doit tenir compte de la diversité culturelle, on ne peut généraliser. Cela est de plus en plus présent dans les sociétés européennes.The perception of official messages on Food-Health in the world children population (from 2 to 6 years of age), the difficulties of cooking healthy foods because of lack of time and/or economic difficulties, and the concept of quantities of foods are all correlated with the geographic origin of families and their cultural practices. Food education needs to bear in mind cultural diversity and can therefore not have a general character. This is becoming more and more evident in European societies