Actividad de glutation peroxidasa (GSH-Px) en sangre de bovinos a pastoreo de la IX Región, Chile y su relación con la concentración de selenio en el forraje

Con el objeto de determinar la actividad sanguínea de glutatión peroxidasa (GSH-Px; E.C. 1.11.1.9) en bovinos lecheros de la IX Región de la Araucanía (38º LS y 71º LO), Chile, y establecer su eventual asociación con el contenido de Se en el forraje, durante el otoño y la primavera de 1999 se tomaron muestras de forraje de las praderas y de sangre en grupos de vacas en inicio de lactancia y vaquillas en 12 predios lecheros. Se midió la concentración de Se en el forraje empleando la técnica de espectroscopía de plasma acoplado inductivamente con detector de masas (ICP-MS) y la actividad sanguínea de GSH-Px mediante una técnica cinética compuesta NADPH-dependiente. La concentración de Se del forraje fue 0.03±0.02 ppm, donde un 83% presentó valores deficitarios (0.05). Se encontró un 20% de los grupos analizados con valores deficitarios (0.05). Heifers showed a lower activity for GSH-Px than cows in both periods (p<0.05). Twenty percent of the animals showed a low activity of GSH-Px (below 60 U/g Hb), meaning a Se deficiency in the animals. There was a relation between the content of Se in forage and the blood activity of GSH-Px in heifers (r= 0.74; p<0.05). Accordingly, the content of Se in most of the forage produced in the dairy cattle area from the IXth Region, Chile is below the nutritional requirements for grazing dairy cattle and nutritional metabolic deficiencies of Se are present in dairy herds according to blood activity of GSH-Px. Heifers are mostly affecte

Effect of a selenium-deficient diet on blood values of T3 and T4 in cows

Pastures in the south of Chile have been shown to be selenium deficient, and as selenium is a component of deiodinase type 1, which is necessary for the synthesis of triiodothyronine (T3) at peripheral levels, the effect of selenium deficiency on the blood concentration of theses hormones in cows was studied. Twelve pregnant Friesian cows were randomly allocated into two homogeneous groups of six animals each-selenium supplemented and selenium deficient. The selenium deficient diet consisted of 11.5 kg of hay, 500 g of soya bran, 150 g of mineral mix (without selenium), 500 g of fat for animal feeding, and was given from day 15 of lactation until the end of the study. A commercial concentrate (Cosetan) and urea was also given according to lactation requirements (up to 5 kg and up to 120 g, respectively). The selenium content was 0.05 ppm of dry matter (equivalent to 18% of the daily requirements). The supplemented group was injected subcutaneously with 1 mg Se/kg, using the commercial product Deposel (1 ml/50kg). Blood samples were obtained by coccygeous vein venepuncture before supplementation (prepartum basal values) and thereafter every 15 days. GSH-Px activity in plasma was measured using a HITACHI 4020 spectrophotometer. Serum T3 and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were measured by electrochemiluminiscence. ANOVA, Tuckey test and Student's t-test were used to establish the significance of the intra group differences, with p = < 0.05 being considered significant. There were no significant differences in blood values of T4 in either the supplemented or non-supplemented groups during pregnancy and lactation. However the blood values of T4 decreased significantly (p = < 0.05) during days 30-60 of lactation to values below the reference range. The T3 serum concentrations in the supplemented group of cows were significantly lower (p = < 0.05) at 60, 90 and 150 days of lactation than cows that had been supplemented with selenium

Seroprevalencia de Neospora caninum en Bovinos de una Feria Ganadera de la Región de la Araucanía, Chile

The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of neosporosis in cattle in a livestock fair in the Region of La Araucanía, Chile. Blood samples were collected in 437 cows and heifers belonging to nearby farms. Serum samples were analyzed by the indirect ELISA technique to detect antibodies against Neospora caninum. The results showed that 21.1% of the animals were positive to neosporosis, while 13.9% (61/437) was uncertain and 65.0% (284/437) was negative. The results indicate that the infection is spread in the farms of the region.El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de neosporosis en ganado bovino llevado a una feria ganadera en la Región de La Araucanía, Chile. Se muestrearon 437 vacas y vaquillas procedentes de predios ganaderos de comunas cercanas. Las muestras de suero fueron analizadas mediante la técnica ELISA indirecta para detectar anticuerpos contra Neospora caninum. El 21.1% (92/437) de las muestras resultaron positivas a N. caninum, mientras que 13.9% (61/437) resultó sospechoso y 65.0% (284/437) resultó negativo Los resultados obtenidos indican que la infección se encuentra diseminada en los predios y comunas de la región

Farmacogenómica de los anticoagulantes orales: la importancia de establecer algoritmos de dosificación en población chilena

There is an important interindividual variability in dose requirement for coumarinic anticoagulants, which could be explained by genetic and non-genetic factors. Among hereditary factors, there are gene polymorphisms that code the therapeutic target and the main enzyme responsible for their metabolism. However, there are other candidate genes that could modulate dose requirements. The is a paucity of pharmacogenomic platforms to determine dose requirements of coumarinics in the Chilean population. Therefore, algorithms considering different variables to adjust individual dosages are required. Herein, we analyze the available evidence about factors that can modify the effects of vitamin K antagonists and that should be incorporated to dosing algorithmsEste trabajo fue apoyado por proyecto FEQUIP2018- PL-06, de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado de la Universidad Católica de Temuco. La institución no tuvo influencia en la preparación, revisión o aprobación del manuscrito. Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de interé

Post-exercise measurement of physiological, hematological and biochemical variables in holsteiner jumping horses

Se realizó un estudio post-ejercicio en 10 equinos de salto a través de variables fisiológicas, hematológicas y bioquímicas. Se obtuvieron muestras sanguíneas en reposo e inmediatamente finalizado el ejercicio, cada 15 días, durante 60 días. Se obtuvo la media, desviación estándar y se realizó un análisis de varianza y la prueba de Tukey para determinar si existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre: reposo v/s post-ejercicio; reposo de los distintos muestreos (día 15 a día 60) v/s reposo del día 0 y post-ejercicio de los distintos muestreos (día 15 a día 60) v/s post-ejercicio del día 0, como consecuencia del entrenamiento. Los resultados han permitido determinar que la frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria fueron significativamente menores (P<0,05) en el post-ejercicio una vez finalizado el período de entrenamiento v/s el post-ejercicio del día 0. Así mismo, la recuperación fue significativamente más rápida en el día 60 v/s día 0. El volumen globular aglomerado (VGA) y la hemoglobina (HB) fueron significativamente mayores (P<0,05) en el postejercicio del último muestreo (día 60) v/s el post-ejercicio del primer muestreo (día 0). Las proteínas totales, glucosa sanguínea y aspartatoaminotransferasa no mostraron cambios estadísticamente significativos. La actividad plasmática de creatinfosfoquinasa aumentó después de realizado el ejercicio v/s reposo. Este aumento solo fue significativo (P<0,05), al inicio del estudio (día 0). Posteriormente, los valores de esta enzima disminuyeron significativamente (P<0,05). De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que el entrenamiento produce una adaptación fisiológica de los individuos que se traduce en un descenso de la frecuencia cardíaca y respiratoria, aumento del VGA y HB y una disminución de la actividad plasmática de las enzimas relacionadas con daño muscular.244 - 253BimestralA post-exercise study was carried out on 10 Holsteiner horses through measurements of physiological, hematological and biochemical variables. Blood samples were obtained at rest and immediately after exercise, every 15 days, during 2 months (day 0 to day 60). The mean and standard deviation were calculated and the two-way analysis of variance and the Tukey test were carried out to determine if there were statistically significant differences between at rest v/s postexercise; resting at the different samplings (day 15 to day 60) v/s resting at day 0 and postexercise at the different samplings (day 15 to day 60) v/s postexercise at day 0, as consequence of training. The heart rate and breathing frequency were significantly smaller (P<0.05) in the postexercise measurement once concluded the period of training v/s the postexercise at the day 0. Likewise, the recovery was significantly faster at day 60 v/s days 0. The packed cell volume (PCV) and the hemoglobin (HB) were significantly greater (P<0.05) at the postexercise of the last sampling (day 60) v/s the postexercise of the first sampling (day 0). The total proteins, blood glucose and the aspartateaminotransferase did not show statistically significant changes. The plasma activity of creatinkinase increased after the exercise was performed v/s resting. This increase was only statistically significative (P<0.05), at the beginning of the study period (day 0). Later on, the activity of this enzyme diminished significantly (P<0.05). It can be concluded that the training produced a physiological adaptation that translated into a decrease of the heart and breathing frequency, an increase of the PCV and HB and finally, a decrease of the plasma activity of the enzymes related to muscular damage

Pharmacogenomics of vitamin K antagonists

There is an important interindividual variability in dose requirement for coumarinic anticoagulants, which could be explained by genetic and non-genetic factors. Among hereditary factors, there are gene polymorphisms that code the therapeutic target and the main enzyme responsible for their metabolism. However, there are other candidate genes that could modulate dose requirements. The is a paucity of pharmacogenomic platforms to determine dose requirements of coumarinics in the Chilean population. Therefore, algorithms considering different variables to adjust individual dosages are required. Herein, we analyze the available evidence about factors that can modify the effects of vitamin K antagonists and that should be incorporated to dosing algorithms

Transcriptional analysis of flagellar and putative virulence genes of Arcobacter butzleri as an endocytobiont of Acanthamoeba castellanii

Arcobacter butzleri is an emerging foodborne zoonotic pathogen that has been isolated from environmental water sources. This pathogen establishes in vitro endosymbiotic relationships with Acanthamoeba castellanii, a free-living amoeba found in environmental matrices such as soil and water. The principal aim of this study was to analyse the transcriptional pattern of flagellar (flaA-flaB-flgH-motA) and other putative virulence genes (ciaB-cadF-mviN-pldA) of A. butzleri during its interaction with A. castellanii by quantitative real-time PCR. The transcriptional analysis showed up-regulation of all genes analysed before A. butzleri became established as an endocytobiont of A. castellanii. In contrast, while A. butzleri remains an endocytobiont, a significant and sustained decrease in the transcription of all analysed genes was observed. Our findings suggest that A. butzleri requires a biphasic transcriptional pattern of flagellar and other putative virulence genes to establish an endosymbiotic relationship with A. castellanii

Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum un Cattle in a Livestock Fair in the Araucania Region, Chile

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la seroprevalencia de neosporosis en ganado bovino llevado a una feria ganadera en la Región de La Araucanía, Chile. Se muestrearon 437 vacas y vaquillas procedentes de predios ganaderos de comunas cercanas. Las muestras de suero fueron analizadas mediante la técnica ELISA indirecta para detectar anticuerpos contra Neospora caninum. El 21.1% (92/437) de las muestras resultaron positivas a N. caninum, mientras que 13.9% (61/437) resultó sospechoso y 65.0% (284/437) resultó negativo Los resultados obtenidos indican que la infección se encuentra diseminada en los predios y comunas de la región.The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of neosporosis in cattle in a livestock fair in the Region of La Araucanía, Chile. Blood samples were collected in 437 cows and heifers belonging to nearby farms. Serum samples were analyzed by the indirect ELISA technique to detect antibodies against Neospora caninum. The results showed that 21.1% of the animals were positive to neosporosis, while 13.9% (61/437) was uncertain and 65.0% (284/437) was negative. The results indicate that the infection is spread in the farms of the region