Time varying solar cycle protons program manual

Proton variations in earth radiation belt due to solar cycle - calculation program

Salicylic acid treatment of grape berries retards ripening

Research Not

Flavonoids accumulate in cell walls, middle lamellae and callose-rich papillae during an incompatible interaction between Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum and cotton

Interactions between cotton cotyledons and #Xanthomonas campestris pv. #malvacearum were examined. During an incompatible interaction, fluorescence microscopy revealed that flavonoid compounds accumulated within 10 h after inoculation. Electron micrographs showed ultrastructural modifications of cells that exhibited an intense fluorescence suggesting the presence of flavonoids. Phenol-like molecules were produced by cells of infection sites and were found in paramural areas within papillae enriched with callose and in host cell walls and middle lamellae. Histochemistry showed that peroxidase activity and terpenoids were detected in the infected resistant plants, 4 and 48 h after inoculation, respectively. In contrast, no changes in the deposits of lignin, suberin, and catechin were seen in either the infected susceptible or resistant lines. We suggest that early flavonoid accumulation is associated with the hypersensitive reaction of cotton cotyledons to #X. campestris pv. #malvacearum. The activity of wall-bound peroxidases may play a role in the incorporation of flavonoids in cell walls and paramural papillae. (Résumé d'auteur

Six-Month Outcome of Transient Ischemic Attack and Its Mimics

Background and Objective: Although the risk of recurrent cerebral ischemia is higher after a transient ischemic attack (TIA), there is limited data on the outcome of TIA mimics. The goal of this study is to compare the 6-month outcome of patients with negative and positive diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) TIAs (DWI-neg TIA vs. DWI-pos TIA) and also TIA mimics. Methods: We prospectively studied consecutive patients with an initial diagnosis of TIA in our tertiary stroke centers in a 2-year period. Every included patient had an initial magnetic resonance (MR) with DWI and one-, three-, and six-month follow-up visits. The primary outcome was defined as the composition of intracerebral hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, TIA, coronary artery disease, and death. Results: Out of 269 patients with the initial diagnosis of TIA, 259 patients (mean age 70.5 ± 15.0 [30–100] years old, 56.8% men) were included in the final analysis. Twenty-one (8.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.1-12.1%) patients had a composite outcome event within the six-month follow-up. Five (23.8%) and 13 (61.9%) composite outcome events occurred in the first 30 and 90 days, respectively. Among patients with DWI-neg TIA, the one- and six-month ischemic stroke rate was 1.5 and 4.6%, respectively. The incidence proportion of composite outcome event was significantly higher among patients who had the diagnosis of DWI-neg TIA compared with those who had the diagnosis of TIA mimics (12.2 vs. 2.1%—relative risk 5.9; 95% CI, 1.4–25.2). In our univariable analysis among patients with DWI-neg TIA and DWI-pos TIA, age (P = 0.017) was the only factor that was significantly associated with the occurrence of the composite outcome. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the overall six-month rate of the composite outcome among patients DWI-neg TIA, DWI-pos TIA, and TIA mimics were 12.2, 9.7, and 2.1%, respectively. Age was the only factor that was significantly associated with the occurrence of the composite outcome

Le gui

National audienc

Cortinarius section orellani: isolation and culture of Cortinarius orellanus

International audienc