Immunohistochemical expression of hyaluronic acid in the normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate carcinoma

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a component of the extracellular matrix, is present in various tissues and tissue fluids. HA regulates cell adhesion and migration and it has been implicated in the progression of prostate cancer (PCa) as a molecule associated with the biological potential of PCa. The concentration of HA is elevated in several cancers, including bladder, colon, breast and Wilms’ tumor. In this study, we compared the immunohistochemical expression of HA in the normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate carcinoma. HA was immunohistochemically detected in 22 prostate tissues (6 histologically normal, 10 with BPH and 6 with PCa). Formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were stained using an ABC method with biotinylated HA binding protein (B-HABP). Negative controls included sections incubated without B-HABP as well as sections incubated with Streptomyces hyaluronidase. In normal and BPH prostate glands staining was localized predominantly in the gland surrounding stroma, as well as in the fibrovascular core of the papillary projections of the glands. In prostate carcinoma samples the amount of HA in the stroma was markedly increased and staining was not localized around glandular structures but was diffuse throughout the stroma. There was a sharp diminution at the interface between tumor stroma and non-tumoral connective tissue. HA appears to be a supplementary tumor-associated marker. Insight gained in the mechanisms of increased production and hyaluronidase digestion of HA may eventually lead to new targets for pharmacological intervention in the treatment of PCa

A rare case of renal oncocytoma associated with erythrocytosis: case report

BACKGROUND: Oncocytomas are benign tumors of the kidney that are usually diagnosed postoperatively due to differential diagnostic problems from renal cell carcinoma. Although the latter are neoplasms that have been associated with erythrocytosis in 3.5% of cases, there are no reports in the literature about a similar occurrence in oncocytomas. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case report we present a unique case of a right lower pole oncocytoma associated with erythrocytosis. Erythrocytosis subsided after partial nephrectomy. CONCLUSION: Erythrocytosis can sometimes occur in association with renal oncocytomas

Bilateral synchronous occurrence of three different histological types of renal tumor: a case report

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Comparative experimental urethroplasty study with dorsal versus ventral preputial graft onlay

Purpose: We compare the angiogenic activity of free preputial grafts placed in the dorsal and ventral urethra, respectively, in an experimental model. Materials and Methods: Twelve male white New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into three groups In the control group (group 0, n=4) a simple urethrotomy and closure was performed. In the other two groups, a ventral (group A, n=4) or dorsal (group B, n=4) 1.0x0.5cm urethral defect was created, which was bridged using a preputial onlay graft. Angiogenic activity was assessed immunohistochemically using an anti-CD31 monoclonal antibody as well as by conventional microscopy using hematoxyhn-eosin staining. Results: Macroscopic control showed good graft take without areas of necrosis in all cases. Our results showed that vascularity was significantly increased in both groups compared to the control group, however, ventral or dorsal patching did not affect vascularity significantly. The number of blood vessels/200x optical field was 17.75±0.89 in group 0, 31.58±1 23 in group A, and 33.17±1.30 in group Β (p<0.01 for group A and B vs group 0, nonsignificant for group A vs group B. Conclusions: Our experimental evidence suggests that dorsal preputial graft placement is similar to ventral graft placement in terms of angiogenic activity.Σκοπός: Συγκρίνουμε την αγγειογενετική δραστηριότητα ελευθέρων ακροποσθιακών μοσχευμάτων με τοποθέτηση στη ραχιαία και την κοιλιακή επιφάνεια της ουρήθρας αντίστοιχα, σε ένα πειραματικό μοντέλο .Υλικό και μέθοδος: Δώδεκα αρσενικά λευκά κουνέλια Νέας Ζηλανδίας διαχωρίστηκαν τυχαία σε 3 ομάδες Στην ομάδα έλεγχου (ομάδα 0, η=4) εκτελέστηκε μια απλή ουρηθροτομή και επανασυρραφή της ουρήθρας. Στις άλλες δύο ομάδες, δημιουργήθηκε ένα κοιλιακό (ομάδα A, η=4) η ραχιαίο (ομάδα Β, η=4) ουρηθρικό έλλειμμα 1.0x0.5cm στο οποίο τοποθετήθηκε ένα ακροποσθιακό μόσχευμα. Η αγγειογενετική ικανότητα εκτιμήθηκε ανοσοιστοχημικά με τη χρήση ενός μονοκλωνικού avu-CD31 αντισώματος και με κλασική χρώση αιματοξυλίνης-εωσίνης. Αποτελέσματα: Ο μακροσκοπικός έλεγχος έδειξε καλή ενσωμάτωση του μοσχεύματος χωρίς περιοχές νέκρωσης σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις Τα αποτελέσματα μας έδειξαν ότι η αγγείωση ήταν σημαντικά αυξημένη και στις δυο ομάδες σε σχέση με την ομάδα έλεγχου, όμως η κοιλιακή η ραχιαία τοποθέτηση του μοσχεύματος δεν επηρέασε σημαντικά την αγγείωση. Ο αριθμός των αγγείων/οπτικό πεδίο 200x ήταν 17.75±0 89 στην ομάδα 0, 31.58±1 23 στην ομάδα Α και 33.17±1.30 στην ομάδα Β. Συμπεράσματα: Τα πειραματικά μας αποτελέσματα δείχνουν ότι η ραχιαία τοποθέτηση ακροποσθιακού μοσχεύματος είναι παρόμοια με την κοιλιακή σε ό,τι άφορα την αγγειογενετική δραστηριότητα

Urinothorax—An Underdiagnosed Cause of Acute Dyspnea: Report of a Bilateral and of an Ipsilateral Urinothorax Case

Urinothorax (UT) is a rare and often undiagnosed condition, defined as the presence of urine in the pleural cavity due to the retroperitoneal leakage of urine accumulation, known as urinoma, into the pleural space. UT usually is a transudative pleural effusion that presents in patients with obstructive uropathy and it may occur following surgical procedures in the ureter or kidney such as ESWL, PCNL, and URS. Its diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion since the respiratory symptoms tend to be absent or mild and the urological signs tend to dominate. However, UT may rarely present with severe and acute dyspnea as well. The objectives of this study are to describe two new cases of this rare entity, a bilateral case and an ipsilateral case focusing on the side that occurs according to the affected renal insult, and to alert the physicians to include UT in their differential diagnosis of pleural effusions especially in patients with recent urinary tract disorders