COPING STRATEGIES OF THE STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES

В статье представлено исследование, цель которого состояла в изучении особенностей совладающего поведения студентов с ограниченными возможностями здоровья (ОВЗ) и «условно-здоровых» студентов. По результатам исследования выявлено, что студенты с ОВЗ в целом реже берут ответственность за происходящие с ними события, реже прибегают к целенаправленному анализу ситуации и своих возможностей и чаще стараются дистанцироваться от проблемы. Согласно полученным данным, у студентов с ОВЗ наблюдаются проблемы с когнитивными копинг-стратегиями. В статье также представлен анализ гендерных особенностей совладающего поведения у студентов с ОВЗ. Установлено, что студентки с ОВЗ по сравнению со своими «условно-здоровыми» сверстницами чаще готовы идти на конфликт или предпринимать попытку справиться с проблемой за счет субъективного снижения ее значимости и степени эмоциональной вовлеченности в нее. В то же время юноши с ОВЗ меньше готовы к конфронтации, реже признают себя ответственными в возникновении проблемы и свою ответственность за ее решение, а так же менее склонны к целенаправленному анализу ситуации и возможных вариантов поведения, к выработке стратегии разрешения проблемы, планированию собственных действий с учетом объективных условий, прошлого опыта и имеющихся ресурсов. Наконец, был проанализирован характер связей между различными совладающем поведении у студентов с ОВЗ и «условно-здоровыми» студентами. Установлено, что у «условно-здоровых» студентов основные связи приходятся на шкалы – Планирование решения проблем и Положительная переоценка, что составляет ядро совладающего поведения. Наоборот, у студентов с ОВЗ отсутствуют определенные корреляционные связи. Таким образом, у студентов с ОВЗ нельзя говорить об определенном «ядре» в системе совладающего поведения.According to the research it was revealed that students with health problems (handicapped students) in general seldom take responsibility for the events happening to them, and rarely analyze the situation and their possibilities and more often try to distance from the problem. According to the data obtained the handicapped students demonstrate the problems with coping strategies in the cognitive sphere.The article also gives the analysis of the gender peculiarities of coping behavior of the handicapped students. It is revealed that such girls-students in comparison with so called conditionally healthy peers are more often ready to have a conflict or to try to cope with the problem subjectively diminishing its importance and degree of their emotional involving into it. The handicapped boys at the same time, are less ready for confrontation, rarely confess their responsibility for the problem and the responsibility for solving it and also have less tendency for direct analysis of the situation and possible variants of behavior, for working out the strategy of the problem solving and planning their actions considering objective conditions, previous experience and resources.Further on, the character of relations between different coping strategies of handicapped and conditionally healthy students was analyzed. It was revealed that the main relations between different copings of conditionally healthy students are on the scales Problem-solving Planning and Positive re-estimation. It is possible to suggest that for these (healthy) students these coping strategies compose the core of the mechanisms of coping behavior. On the contrary, handicapped students (with health problems) the definite correlational connections are absent. So in the case of handicapped students it is impossible to speak about some definite core in the system of coping behavior

On the Three Methods for Bounding the Rate of Convergence for some Continuous-time Markov Chains

Consideration is given to the three different analytical methods for the computation of upper bounds for the rate of convergence to the limiting regime of one specific class of (in)homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains. This class is particularly suited to describe evolutions of the total number of customers in (in)homogeneous $M/M/S$ queueing systems with possibly state-dependent arrival and service intensities, batch arrivals and services. One of the methods is based on the logarithmic norm of a linear operator function; the other two rely on Lyapunov functions and differential inequalities, respectively. Less restrictive conditions (compared to those known from the literature) under which the methods are applicable, are being formulated. Two numerical examples are given. It is also shown that for homogeneous birth-death Markov processes defined on a finite state space with all transition rates being positive, all methods yield the same sharp upper bound

Экспрессия генов метаболизма фенолов и лигнина в Zinnia elegans в условиях засоления

Salinization is a common type of agricultural land degradation. It causes inhibition of plant growth and productivity. Previous research into mechanisms of plant resistance to salinity and other stressors has shown that one of nonspecific responses is cell wall lignification which limits translocation of water and ions in the tissues and the whole plant. The current study aims to investigate the responses of Zinnia elegans Jacq. grown under regular soil irrigation with 50 mM NaCl. Plant growth parameters and biochemical characteristics, such as the level of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA), and phenolics and lignin content, were determined. The level of expression of genes encoding the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds and lignin was evaluated by the relative number of transcripts. Application of 50 mM NaCl to soil decreased plant growth and induced lipid peroxidation in stem tissues, despite an increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds. It means that the antioxidant potential of produced phenolics might be insufficient for plant protection. The amount of lignin in stem tissues increased mainly due to Klason lignin which is known to limit cell elongation. The concentration of phenolic compounds correlated with the expression of PAL, C4H and 4CL genes involved in their biosynthesis; and the amount of lignin correlated with the expression level of CCR, CAD, PRX, and LAC genesЗасоление – распространенный вид нарушения сельскохозяйственных земель. Оно вызывает угнетение роста и продуктивности растений. Изучение механизмов устойчивости растений к засолению показало, что лигнификация клеточной стенки – одна из неспецифических реакций растений на этот и другие стрессоры, что ограничивает транспорт воды и ионов в тканях и целом растении. Настоящее исследование направлено на изучение реакции растений Zinnia elegans Jacq. на засоление в длительном эксперименте при выращивании на почве с регулярным поливом 50 мМ NaCl. Определены ростовые характеристики растений и биохимические показатели, такие как уровень пероксида водорода и малонового диальдегида (МДА), содержание фенольных соединений и лигнина. Уровень экспрессии генов, кодирующих биосинтез фенольных соединений и лигнина, оценивали по относительному количеству транскриптов. Внесение 50 mM NaCl в почву подавляло рост растений и индуцировало перекисное окисление липидов в тканях стебля, несмотря на увеличение концентрации фенольных соединений. Вероятно, их антиоксидантного потенциала было недостаточно для защиты растений. Количество лигнина в тканях стебля увеличивалось в основном за счет лигнина Класона, который ограничивал растяжение клеток. Уровень транскриптов генов PAL, C4H, 4CL, участвующих в синтезе фенольных соединений, коррелировал с повышением их концентрации; а генов CCR, CAD, PRX и LAC – с количеством лигнин

Macrophage population state and proliferative activity of spleen cells under liver regeneration conditions

Relevance. Currently, the participation of immune system cells in the regulation of reparative processes is attracting more and more attention of researchers. There is an anatomical connection between the liver and spleen by means of portal vein. Thus, cytokines and other biologically active substances can enter the liver from the spleen through the portal vein, as well as cells can migrate to the liver. However, the specific mechanisms of mutual influence of the mentioned organs, including in reparative processes, remain poorly studied. The aim of our work was to study the state of spleen monocyte-macrophage population after liver resection, as well as the proliferative activity of spleen cells during liver regeneration . Materials and Methods . The model of liver regeneration after 70 % resection in mouse was reproduced in this work. The animals were taken out of the experiment after 1, 3 and 7 days. The marker of cell proliferation Ki67 was immunohistochemically detected, the state of spleen monocyte-macrophage population was evaluated by markers CD68, CD115, CD206, F4/80 by methods of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Results and Discussion . The liver regeneration had a pronounced effect on the cytoarchitectonics of the spleen. In 1 day after liver resection in the spleen there was observed a decrease in the share of Ki67+cells, according to the flow cytometry data there was a decrease in the number of CD115+cells, in 3 and 7 days there was a decrease in the number of F4/80+ macrophages. Conclusion . Liver resection causes changes in the state of cell populations of the spleen as well. First of all, to the decrease in the activity of proliferative processes in it, as well as to the changes in the state of the monocyte-macrophage system. A decrease in the content of CD115+ and F4/80+ cells in the spleen was found, which indirectly indicates the migration of monocytes/macrophages after liver resection, which can also influence the course of reparative processes in the liver

Genetic landscape in Russian patients with familial left ventricular noncompaction

BackgroundLeft ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy is a disorder that can be complicated by heart failure, arrhythmias, thromboembolism, and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study is to clarify the genetic landscape of LVNC in a large cohort of well-phenotyped Russian patients with LVNC, including 48 families (n=214).MethodsAll index patients underwent clinical examination and genetic analysis, as well as family members who agreed to participate in the clinical study and/or in the genetic testing. The genetic testing included next generation sequencing and genetic classification according to ACMG guidelines.ResultsA total of 55 alleles of 54 pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 24 genes were identified, with the largest number in the MYH7 and TTN genes. A significant proportion of variants −8 of 54 (14.8%) −have not been described earlier in other populations and may be specific to LVNC patients in Russia. In LVNC patients, the presence of each subsequent variant is associated with increased odds of having more severe LVNC subtypes than isolated LVNC with preserved ejection fraction. The corresponding odds ratio is 2.77 (1.37 −7.37; p <0.001) per variant after adjustment for sex, age, and family.ConclusionOverall, the genetic analysis of LVNC patients, accompanied by cardiomyopathy-related family history analysis, resulted in a high diagnostic yield of 89.6%. These results suggest that genetic screening should be applied to the diagnosis and prognosis of LVNC patients

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

The main system value orientations of the personality

The article is devoted to the problem of systemic value orientations of the personality of girls who are officially and informally married. In the modern world, the values of the family are very strongly influenced by negative trends, non-observance of traditions, unstable marriages, and the collapse of moral norms. Creating a family and fostering values for modern society is a difficult task. The purpose of the study: to identify the value orientations of young girls who are in an informal and official marriage. The paper consistently solves the following problems: the concept of value orientations is considered; the position of the family in the system of value orientations of girls who are in an informal and official marriage is revealed; domestic and foreign approaches to the study of value orientations are compared. Research methods: theoretical and empirical methods were used to solve the tasks set. As a result of the conducted empirical research, the formulated hypothesis is proved, the following tasks are solved: the value orientations of girls who are in an informal and official marriage are compared; the meaning of girls ' lives is investigated; the degree of satisfaction with marriage is revealed