123 research outputs found

    Degree modification and manner adverbs: Greek: poli ‘very’ vs. kala ‘well’

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    In this study, we discuss the distribution of the degree modifier poli ‘very’ and the degree readings of the manner adverb kala ‘well’ in order to provide cross-linguistic support for the generality of the Kennedy & Mc Nally (2005) typology of scale structure of gradable predicates. We show that poli ‘very’ distributes with open scale predicates. We also show that the degree readings of kala ‘well’ arise when kala combines with incremental predicates, while the manner-quality only reading is produced when kala combines with classic telic verbs

    Mixed (Non)veridicality and mood choice with emotive verbs

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    International audienceThe paper proposes a fresh look at emotive factives and explains variation in mood choice across languages by distinguishing nonveridicality in the assertion (triggering the subjunctive) and veridicality in the presupposition (triggering the indicative). Proceeding of CLS 51, April 2015

    La dimension Ă©valuative du futur : le rĂŽle des adverbes

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    International audienceDans ce travail nous montrons que (i) les morphĂšmes du futur, Ă  travers les langues induisent un affaiblissement Ă©pistĂ©mique (pace Squartini, 2012) et (ii) aussi bien dans l’emploi Ă©pistĂ©mique que prĂ©dictif du futur les adverbes modaux contribuent l’information qu’il y a une mesure de la confiance que l’agent Ă©pistĂ©mique a dans le fait que le monde actuel est/sera dans l’ensemble des mondes les meilleurs/raisonnables. Cette nouvelle proposition, nous voudrions suggĂ©rer, met en avant un ingrĂ©dient prĂ©sent dans tous les modaux Ă©pistĂ©miques : ceux-ci n’assertent pas seulement quelque chose Ă  propos des mondes possibles, mais portent une information quant Ă  la croyance de l’agent Ă©pistĂ©mique Ă  propos de la place du monde actuel dans l’espace des mondes possibles, et plus spĂ©cifiquement quant Ă  sa croyance que le monde actuel est conforme Ă  la source d’ordre, et Ă  quel degrĂ©. Autrement dit, les modaux Ă©pistĂ©miques vĂ©hiculent un contenu non-vĂ©riconditionnel, Ă©valuatif. Nous proposons que dans la lecture prĂ©dictive sont prĂ©sentes Ă  la fois une dimension mĂ©taphysique, Ă©pistĂ©mique et Ă©valuative, et que celle-ci est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e par les adverbes. Dans les deux usages (Ă©pistĂ©mique et prĂ©dictif) les adverbes sont des modulateurs de la confiance du locuteur, ce qui semble ĂȘtre un ingrĂ©dient transversal aux emploi du futur, et probablement aux modalitĂ©s Ă©pistĂ©miques plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement

    Biased modality and epistemic weakness with the future and MUST: non- veridicality, partial knowledge

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    We defend the view of epistemic `must' as weak and claim that `must p' is used when the speaker does not know p. Novel arguments for this well-known account are provided. The theory is extended to epistemic future

    Subjunctive, Habituality and Negative Polarity Items

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    UNTIL, Aspect, and Negation: A Novel Argument for Two "Until"s

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    Bias and Modality in Conditionals: Experimental Evidence and Theoretical Implications

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    The concept of bias is familiar to linguists primarily from the literature on questions. Following the work of Giannakidou and Mari (Truth and Veridicality in Grammar and Thought: Modality, Mood, and Propositional Attitudes, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2021), we assume “nonveridical equilibrium” (implying that p and ÂŹp as equal possibilities) to be the default for epistemic modals, questions and conditionals. The equilibrium of conditionals, as that of questions, can be manipulated to produce bias (i.e., reduced or higher speaker commitment). In this paper, we focus on three kinds of modal elements in German that create bias in conditionals and questions: the adverb wirklich ‘really’, the modal verb sollte ‘should’, and conditional connectives such as falls ‘if/in case’. We conducted two experiments collecting participants’ inference about speaker commitment in different manipulations, Experiment 1 on sollte/wirklich in ob-questions and wenn-conditionals, and Experiment 2 on sollte/wirklich in wenn/falls/V1-conditionals. Our findings are that both ob-questions and falls-conditionals express reduced speaker commitment about the modified (antecedent) proposition in comparison to wenn-conditionals, which did not differ from V1-conditionals. In addition, sollte/wirklich in the antecedent of conditionals both create negative bias about the antecedent proposition. Our studies are among the first that deal with bias in conditionals (in comparison to questions) and contribute to furthering our understanding of bias.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Humboldt-UniversitĂ€t zu Berlin (1034)Peer Reviewe
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